Proterochaete Spirin & Malysheva
Abstract
Proterochaete Spirin & Malysheva, Botany 97: 447, 2019 = Heterocorticium S. H. He, T. Nie & Yue Li, Journal of Fungi 9 (3, 318): 7, 2023. Generic type. Heterocorticium bambusicola S. H. He, T. Nie & Yue Li, Journal of Fungi 9 (3, 318): 7, 2023. Description. Basidiomata annual, effused, waxy and semitranslucent to arid and opaque, nearly white to gray or brownish to brown. Hymenial surface smooth or (in one species) spinulose. Hyphal structure monomitic; hyphae clamped, hyaline or rarely brownish, often densely arranged and at least partly agglutinated, basidia-bearing hyphae variably differentiated. Crystals occasional to abundant, usually angular. Cystidia present or absent. Hyphidia present, with a well-differentiated stem and richly branched, densely encrusted apical outgrowths, in some species bearing amorphous brown cyanophilous substance. Basidia four-celled, ellipsoid-ovoid to obconical, sessile, thin- or slightly thick-walled, exposed or embedded, occasionally with a reduced stalk-like base. Basidiospores thin-walled, cylindrical to nearly allantoid, curved, more rarely ellipsoid. On dead wood of angiosperms. Generic type. Sebacina adusta Burt. The genus Proterochaete was introduced as monotypic, with Sebacina adusta as the sole species and generic type (Alvarenga et al. 2019). It was justified via phylogenetic evidence which showed that the species is quite isolated from the rest of the Auriculariaceae genera sampled at the time. Morphologically, Proterochaete was separated from the rest of the Exidiopsis - like taxa because of a highly peculiar combination of macroscopic traits in the type species, i. e. spinulose hymenophore and partly detaching, fimbriate and occasionally rhizomorphic basidiome margin. However, our current data impel us to expand the genus with ten more species, none of which has the aforementioned macroscopic features. In the current scope, Proterochaete can be separated from the other Exidiopsis / Heterochaete - like genera of the Auriculariacae (Adustochaete, Eichleriella, Exidiopsis s. str., Heteroradulum, Leiostroma, and Ulocolla pr. p.) due to the following characters. First, all but two Proterochaete spp. possess abundant, small, as a rule angular crystals on their hyphae and hymenial cells. This feature rules out Eichleriella, Exidiopsis, Tegmenticium, and Ulocolla spp. Basidia of many Proterochaete spp. vary from ellipsoid-ovoid to obconical; in the latter case, they are reminiscent of the basidial cells in Heteroradulum. They are, however, devoid of the well-developed basal stalk characteristic of Heteroradulum spp. Moreover, most Heteroradulum spp. are dimitic while all species of Proterochaete are strictly monomitic. Differences between Proterochaete and Adustochaete are discussed under the latter genus. As for Leiostroma, it differs from the outwardly similar Proterochaete spp. (P. africana, P. furfurosa, P. letendreana, and P. mucedinea) in having softer basidiomata consisting of rather loosely arranged, not glued hyphae which often bear solid crystalline incrustation. In addition, hyphae and hyphidia of the listed Proterochaete spp. bear brownish amorphous granules well visible in CB (Fig. 30); these deposits are especially common in mature and senescent basidiomata where they fuse together and form large, amorphous, distinctly cyanophilous concretions. Moreover, most Proterochaete spp. have true cystidia and basidia-bearing hyphae of some species are poorly differentiated from the surrounding subhymenial hyphae. In contrast, all Leiostroma spp. described above are acystidiate and their basidia-bearing hyphae are wider than the subhymenial ones and thus easily detectable. See further remarks under P. letendreana. Proterochaete abstrusa and P. adusta are the only species in the genus with a somewhat deviating morphology. They are totally devoid of a coarse crystalline encrustation, and their mature basidiomata are at least partly gelatinized, not waxy-arid as in other Proterochaete species. They are, however, otherwise very similar to other representatives of the genus, especially to P. macrogyna and P. paniculata. The superficially similar Eichleriella spp. can be separated from the mentioned Proterochaete species due to a distinctive subicular layer consisting of variably thick-walled, predominantly subparallel, spaced (not glued) and often brownish hyphae.
Authors 13
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University of Helsinki · Finnish Museum of Natural History
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Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, PO Box 7, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
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Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences
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Komarov Botanical Institute, Prof. Popova str. 2, 197022 St. Petersburg, Russia
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Affiliation as printed
Organismic Botany and Mycology, Institute of Plant Science and Microbiology, Ohnhorststraße 18, 22609 Hamburg, Germany
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Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Darwinweg 2, 2333 CR Leiden, Netherlands
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Société Linnéenne de Lyon, 33 rue Bossuet, 69006 Lyon, France
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Österplana Skattegården 2, 53384 Hällekis, Sweden
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Affiliation as printed
Globe Institute, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
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Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Oslo, P. O. Box 1045, Blindern, N- 0316 Oslo, Norway
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University of Tennessee at Knoxville
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Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, 1406 Circle Drive, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
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Affiliation as printed
Ecology and Genetics Research Unit, University of Oulu, P. O. Box 3000, FI- 90014 Oulu, Finland
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Czech Academy of Sciences, Biology Centre
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Biology Centre, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Branišovská 31, CZ 37005, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
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National University of Misiones
Affiliation as printed
Instituto de Biotecnología Misiones (InBioMis), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Misiones, Ruta Nacional N 12, km 7.5, Posadas, Misiones, CP 3304, Argentina & Instituto Misionero de Biodiversidad (IMiBio), Ruta Nacional N 12, km 5, Puerto Iguazú, Misiones, CP 3370, Argentina
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University of Helsinki · Finnish Museum of Natural History
Affiliation as printed
Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, PO Box 7, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
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