Euclid: Calibrating distances from surface brightness fluctuations with Early Release Observations of the Fornax cluster
Abstract
Surface brightness fluctuations (SBF), the pixel-to-pixel variations in flux that arise from the statistical distribution of stars in galaxy images, provide a powerful tool to measure redshift-independent distances from photometric data alone. This method is particularly important in the era of large imaging surveys, such as those carried out during the Euclid mission. Here we present the first application of SBF to Euclid data, using the FAST-SBF code to measure stellar fluctuation amplitudes in the $I_\mathrm{E}$ band for a sample of galaxies in the Early Release Observations (ERO) of the Fornax galaxy cluster. Although the Euclid data reduction pipeline is not optimized for SBF measurements, extensive testing suggests that we are able to extract robust results. We calibrate the absolute fluctuation magnitude $\overline{M}_\mathrm{IE}$ as a function of the $(I_\mathrm{E}{-}H_\mathrm{E})$ colour for 15 galaxies in Fornax, then test this relation on galaxies in two other ERO fields: the Perseus cluster and dwarf satellite candidates around NGC 6744. Overall, we find reasonable agreement with distances in the literature and good agreement in cases where FAST-SBF indicates the measurements are robust. Finally, we compare our results against Stellar Population Tools (SPoT) simple stellar population models, and discuss the possibility of using SBF with Euclid to probe the underlying stellar populations of the galaxies.
Authors 99
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INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico d'Abruzzo, Via Maggini, 64100, Teramo, Italy
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INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico d'Abruzzo, Via Maggini, 64100, Teramo, Italy
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INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico d'Abruzzo, Via Maggini, 64100, Teramo, Italy
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INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico d'Abruzzo, Via Maggini, 64100, Teramo, Italy
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National Centre for Nuclear Research · Collurania Teramo Observatory · Gran Sasso Science Institute
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National Centre for Nuclear Research, ul. Pasteura 7, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
Gran Sasso Science Institute
INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico d'Abruzzo, Via Maggini, 64100, Teramo, Italy
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Paris Cité · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules · Centre Pierre Binétruy · University of California, Berkeley
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Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, 75013 Paris, France
CNRS-UCB International Research Laboratory, Centre Pierre Binétruy, IRL2007, CPB-IN2P3, Berkeley, USA
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Observatoire astronomique de Strasbourg · Université de Strasbourg
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Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Observatoire astronomique de Strasbourg, UMR 7550, 67000 Strasbourg, France
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Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UK
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Astronomical Observatory of Rome · National Institute for Astrophysics
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INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Via Frascati 33, 00078 Monteporzio Catone, Italy
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Arcetri Astrophysical Observatory · National Institute for Astrophysics
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INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, Largo E. Fermi 5, 50125, Firenze, Italy
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Paris Cité · Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives · Université Paris-Saclay · Astrophysique, Instrumentation et Modélisation
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Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris Cité, CEA, CNRS, AIM, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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University of Arizona · NSF NOIRLab
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NSF's NOIR, Lab 950 N. Cherry Avenue, Tucson, Arizona 85719, USA
Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, 933 N. Cherry Ave, Tucson, AZ 85750, USA
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Utah Valley University, Orem, UT 84058, USA
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Astronomical Observatory of Rome · National Institute for Astrophysics
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INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Via Frascati 33, 00078 Monteporzio Catone, Italy
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Trieste Astronomical Observatory
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Observatoire astronomique de Strasbourg · Université de Strasbourg
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Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Observatoire astronomique de Strasbourg, UMR 7550, 67000 Strasbourg, France
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Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics
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Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstr. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
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Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen, PO Box 800, 9700 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
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Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Observatoire astronomique de Strasbourg, UMR 7550, 67000 Strasbourg, France
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Universität Innsbruck, Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Technikerstr. 25/8, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Collurania Teramo Observatory · Gran Sasso Science Institute
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INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico d'Abruzzo, Via Maggini, 64100, Teramo, Italy
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Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen, PO Box 800, 9700 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
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Space physics and astronomy research unit, University of Oulu, Pentti Kaiteran katu 1, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
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Isaac Newton Group of Telescopes, Apartado 321, 38700 Santa Cruz de La Palma, Spain
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Observatoire astronomique de Strasbourg · Université de Strasbourg
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Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Observatoire astronomique de Strasbourg, UMR 7550, 67000 Strasbourg, France
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Max Planck Institute for Astronomy
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Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie, Königstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
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School of Physics, HH Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1TL, UK
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Trieste Astronomical Observatory
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Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bologna · Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics
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Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics
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Felix Hormuth Engineering, Goethestr. 17, 69181 Leimen, Germany
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Max Planck Institute for Astronomy
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Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Aix-Marseille Université · Centre de physique des particules de Marseille · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules
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Université de Genève, Département de Physique Théorique and Centre for Astroparticle Physics, 24 quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
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