Calappa hepatica

Abstract

6. Calappa hepatica (Linnaeus, 1758) (Fig. 1C) Cancer hepaticus Linnaeus, 1758: 630. Cancer tuberculatus Fabricius, 1787: 321; 1793: 454.— Herbst 1782: 204, fig. 78, pl. 13. Calappa tuberculata.— Weber 1795: 92 (list).— Fabricius 1798: 345.— Bosc 1802: 183.— Desmarest 1825: 109, pl. 10, fig. 1.— Krauss 1843: 52.— Bianconi 1851: 110.— Heller 1865: 69.—A. Milne-Edwards 1872: 55.— Paulson 1875: 74, pl. 9, fig. 5.— Kossmann 1877: 63.— Hilgendorf 1879: 809.— Nauck 1880: 46.— Lenz & Richters 1881: 425.— Pfeffer 1889: 33. Calappa tuberculosa Guérin-Méneville, 1832: Crustacés, pl. 12, fig. 2. Calappa (Calappa) hepatica.— De Haan 1837: 70 (list). Calappa spinosissima H. Milne-Edwards 1837a: 106.—A. Milne-Edwards 1872: 55.— Alcock 1896: 144.— Edmondson 1923: 24.— Vatova 1943: 17. Calappa tuberculata var. sandwichien Eydoux & Souleyet, 1842: 245, pl. 3, figs. 9, 10. Calappa hepatica.— White 1847: 44.— Miers 1876: 55; 1877a: 238 (list); 1884a: 257; 1886: 285.— Haswell 1882: 136.— Cano 1889a: 94.— Ortmann 1892: 568; 1894: 35.— Alcock & Anderson 1894: 203 (list).— Alcock 1896: 142.— De Man 1895: 360; 1902: 687.— Whitelegge 1897: 139.— Nobili 1899: 249; 1900: 496; 1906a: 148; 1907: 378.— Borradaile 1900: 572; 1903a: 436, pl. 22 fig. 6.— Calman 1900: 25.— Schenkel 1902: 574.— Lenz 1905: 346; 1910: 544.— Grant & McCulloch 1906: 24.— Klunzinger 1906: 60.— Rathbun 1906: 887; 1907: 67; 1911: 197.— Stebbing 1908: 17; 1910: 333.— Parisi 1914: 285.— Balss 1915: 13; 1922b: 123; 1938: 8.— Bouvier 1915: 215.— Laurie 1915: 409 (list), 427.— Ihle 1918: 162, fig. 80.— Gravier 1920: 379.— McNeill 1926: 206; 1968: 43.— McNeill & Ward 1930: 373.— Boone 1934: 32, pls. 8–10.— Sakai 1936a: 157; 1976: 128, pl. 38 figs. 1, 3.— Chopra & Das 1937: 382.— Serène 1937: 78 (list); 1968: 41 (list).— Monod 1938: 96.— Buitendijk 1939: 230.— Ward 1942: 69.— Stephensen 1946: 65.— Barnard 1950: 348, figs. 66A–D.— Tweedie 1950: 106.— Dawydoff 1952: 139.— Holthuis 1953: 3.— Fourmanoir 1954: 15.— MacNae & Kalk 1958: figs. 17B, C.— Estampador 1959: 66.— Forest & Guinot 1961: 11, figs. 1A, B, 2.— Sankarankutty 1961: 135; 1962: 152.— Miyake et al. 1962: 126 (list).— Tyndale-Biscoe & George 1962: 69.— Michel 1964: 37.— Garth 1965: 7, figs. 9, 10.— Derijard 1966: 162.— Guinot 1967a: 245 (list).— Romimohtarto 1967: 4.— Zarenkov 1971: 170.— Kensley 1981: 38 (list).— Garth et al. 1987: 241 (list).— Takeda & Shikatani 1990: 478.— Dai & Yang 1991: 102, fig. 49, pl. 11(3).— Chen 1993: 677.— Bakus 1994: 171 (list), 188 (list).— Poupin 1996: 25; 2010: 36 (list).— Galil 1997: 296, figs. 10E, F, 13E, F, 14, 31.— Apel 2001: 47.—Ng et al. 2001: 10 (list); 2017: 30.— Davie 2002: 126.— Ng & Davie 2002: 371 (list).— Paulay et al. 2003: 37 (list).— Poore 2004: 327, figs. 96A, 97C.— Venkataraman et al. 2004: 311 (list).— Naiyanetr 2007: 65 (list).— Ng & Richer de Forges 2007: 320 (list).— Dev Roy 2008: 14.— Ng et al. 2008: 48 (list).— Castro 2011: 39.— Emmerson 2016b: 285; 2016c: 456 (list).— Naderloo 2017: 33, figs. 3.3C, 3.4, 3.9, 3.10.— Bento & Paula 2018: 32 (list).— Trivedi et al. 2018: 31 (list).— Suvarna Devi et al. 2019: 479.— Lee et al. 2021: S3 (list).— Muñoz et al. 2021: 50 (list).— Poore & Ahyong 2023: 483, fig. 14.24B. Cancer afata Curtiss, 1938: 170. Material examined. RMNH. CRUS.D.58334, 1 male (51.0 × 38.0 mm), littoral in front of Barreira Vermelha, fcn. X4055, 13 August 1984, leg. J.H.C. Walenkamp; RMNH. CRUS.D.58335, 1 male (44.0 × 29.0 mm), intertidal in front of Barreira Vermelha, fcn. X4219, 17 October 1986, leg. J.H.C. Walenkamp; RMNH. CRUS.D.58336, 3 males (61.0 × 39.0 mm, 58.0 × 32.0 mm, 45.0 × 28.0 mm), Saco da Inhaca, north of Ponta Torres, fcn. X4024, 12 August 1984, leg. J.H.C. Walenkamp; RMNH. CRUS.D.58337, 1 male (63.0 × 41.0 mm), Plato, north of Pontes Torres, between seagrass of Thalassodendron, fcn. X4119, 2 September 1985, leg. J.H.C. Walenkamp; RMNH. CRUS. D.58338, 2 males (62.0 × 37.0 mm, 46.0 × 28.0 mm), Saco da Inhaca, north of Ponta Ioue, fcn. X4039, 12 August 1984, leg. J.H.C. Walenkamp. Comparative material. RMNH. CRUS.D.4222, 2 males (34.0 × 24.0 mm, 25.0 × 13.0 mm), 1 female (40.0 × 27.0 mm), Timor, Kera, Indonesia, 22 November 1929, collected during Snellius expedition; RMNH. CRUS.D.778, 2 males (42.0 × 27.0 mm, 38.0 × 28.0 mm), 5 females (45.0 × 30.0 mm, 44.0 × 28.0 mm, 44.0 × 28.0 mm, 41.0 × 30.0 mm, 35.0 × 23.0 mm), Timor, Indonesia, 1863, leg. G.F. Wienecke; RMNH. CRUS.D.3106, 2 females (37.0 × 25.0 mm, 37.0 × 25.0 mm), Tjilowong [= Cilowong], north west coast of Java, 1906, leg. P. Buitendijk; RMNH. CRUS.D.46725, 1 male (41.0 × 26.0 mm), Mahé, northwest coast, Beau Vallon near Mare Anglaise, Seychelles, 04°37’S 55°26’E, littoral to shallow sublittoral, sandy shore with beachrock and rockpools, snorkelling and scuba diving, 12 December 1992, collected during NIOP-E, ‘ Tyro’ Seychelles Expedition 1992/1993; RMNH. CRUS. D.46726, 1 male (54.0 × 32.0 mm), St. Joseph Atoll, Seychelles, north rim, 5°24’S 53°20’E, reef flat, snorkelling & shore-collecting, 27 December 1992, collected during NIOP-E, ‘ Tyro’ Seychelles Expedition 1992/1993. Remarks. Measurements given for CW include the clypeiform expansions of the carapace. Calappa hepatica can be distinguished from congeners in Africa by the convex carapace, which is 1.6–1.7 times as wide as it is long (Galil 1997). The carapace also has three rows of transverse granulate rows, and has the clypeiform expansions characteristically developed, each bearing four teeth (Galil 1997). The present specimens agree well with drawings and description given in Barnard (1950), Galil (1997), the extensive description in Emmerson (2016b), and with comparative material. Distribution. South Africa (Barnard 1950; Emmerson 2016c; Kensley 1981; Krauss 1843; Stebbing 1908, 1910), Mozambique (Barnard 1950; Bianconi 1851; Emmerson 2016c; Hilgendorf 1879; Kensley 1981; MacNae & Kalk 1958; Muñoz et al. 2021), Europa Island (Derijard 1966), Mayotte (Poupin 2010), Madagascar (Fourmanoir 1954; Gravier 1920; Lenz 1910; Lenz & Richters 1881), La Réunion (Poupin 2010), Mauritius (Bouvier 1915; Michel 1964; Ward 1942; White 1847), Seychelles (Rathbun 1911), Tanzania (Lenz 1905; Ortmann 1894; Pfeffer 1889), Somalia (Vatova 1943), Red Sea (Balss 1915; Klunzinger 1906; Kossmann 1877; Laurie 1915; Nobili 1906a; Paulson 1875; Zarenkov 1971), Djibouti (Monod 1938), Gulf of Oman (Naderloo 2017), Persian Gulf (Apel 2001; Naderloo 2017; Stephensen 1946), India (Alcock 1896; Alcock & Anderson 1894; Bakus 1994; Dev Roy 2008; Heller 1865; Sankarankutty 1961, 1962; Suvarna Devi et al. 2019; Trivedi et al. 2018; Venkataraman et al. 2004), The Maldives (Borradaile 1903a), Myanmar (Chopra & Das 1937), Cocos (Keeling) Islands (Tweedie 1950), Thailand (Naiyanetr 2007; Ng & Davie 2002), Indonesia (Buitendijk 1939; De Man 1895, 1902; Ihle 1918; Miers 1886; Nobili 1899; Ortmann 1894; Romimohtarto 1967; Schenkel 1902), China (Chen 1993; Dai & Yang 1991), Taiwan (Ng et al. 2001, 2017), Philippines (Estampador 1959), Korea (Lee et al. 2021), Japan (Balss 1922b; De Haan 1837; Miyake et al. 1962; Sakai 1936a, 1976; Takeda & Shikatani 1990), Marianas Islands (Paulay et al. 2003), Australia (Davie 2002; Grant & McCulloch 1906; Haswell 1882; McNeill 1926, 1968; McNeill & Ward 1930; Poore 2004; Tyndale-Biscoe & George 1962), Torres Strait (Calman 1900), Micronesia (Balss 1938), Marshall Islands (Garth et al. 1987; Holthuis 1953), Gilbert Islands (Balss 1938; Holthuis 1953), Melanesia (Miers 1884a), New Caledonia (A. Milne-Edwards 1872; Ng & Richer de Forges 2007; Poupin 2010), Fiji (Balss 1938; Borradaile 1900), Wallis & Futuna (Poupin 2010), Tonga Islands (Miers 1886), Tahiti (Curtiss 1938; Heller 1865), Tuvalu (Borradaile 1900; Whitelegge 1897), New Zealand (Heller 1865; Miers 1876), Hawai’i (Castro 2011; Miers 1886; Rathbun 1906), Polynesia (Edmondson 1923; Nobili 1907), French Polynesia (Poupin 1996, 2010; Rathbun 1907) and Clipperton Island (Garth 1965; Poupin 2010).

Authors 2

1. Max Willems Aachen

   Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz · Naturalis Biodiversity Center

   Affiliation as printed

   Marine Evolution and Ecology Group, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Darwinweg 2, 2333 CR Leiden, The Netherlands & Institut für Molekulare Physiologie, Johannes Gutenberg Universität, Hanns-Dieter-Hüsch-Weg 17, 55128 Mainz, Germany & max. willems @ naturalis. nl; https: // orcid. org / 0009 - 0003 - 6544 - 4673

2. Charles H. J. M. Fransen Aachen

   Naturalis Biodiversity Center

   Affiliation as printed

   Marine Evolution and Ecology Group, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Darwinweg 2, 2333 CR Leiden, The Netherlands & Marine Evolution and Ecology Group, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Darwinweg 2, 2333 CR Leiden, The Netherlands & charles. fransen @ naturalis. nl; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 7760 - 2603