Ceftriaxone-Mediated SERS Profiling Combined with Machine Learning for Rapid Identification of Antimicrobial Resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae : An Exploratory Study

Analytical Letters, pp. 1–20

Abstract

The third-generation class of cephalosporins is the most commonly prescribed group of antibiotics. The cephalosporin is the latest drug against gram-negative bacteria, which works by inhibiting the cell wall of bacteria. They are used to treat various infections worldwide. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has been utilized for the detection of the effect of 3rd generation cephalosporin on K. pneumoniae bacteria. SERS using silver nanoparticles as a substrate has great potential to provide a highly sensitive platform for studying bacterial responses to antibiotics at the molecular level. Chemometric techniques are utilized for the determination of the effect of cephalosporin on sensitive and resistant strains of K. pneumoniae. Principal component analysis (PCA) and K nearest neighbor model (KNN) have been used for differentiation of biochemical changes caused by exposure to cephalosporin on sensitive and resistant strains of K. pneumoniae. The binary classification yielded from the K-nearest neighbor model has produced a perfectly discriminative confusion matrix, with sensitivity and specificity both reaching 100%. The integration of PCA with KNN enhances the accuracy of strain classification by combining dimensionality reduction with a simple yet effective classification algorithm. This approach demonstrates the potential of SERS combined with machine learning as a rapid, noninvasive diagnostic tool for monitoring antibiotic response in clinical microbiology.

Authors 15

1. Farzana Shamim

   University of Agriculture Faisalabad

   Affiliation as printed

   Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad

2. Javeria Ameen

   University of Education

   Affiliation as printed

   Department of Chemistry, University of Education

3. Muhammad Irfan Majeed corresponding

   University of Agriculture Faisalabad

   Affiliation as printed

   Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad

4. Haq Nawaz corresponding

   University of Agriculture Faisalabad

   Affiliation as printed

   Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad

5. Arslan Ali corresponding

   University of Agriculture Faisalabad

   Affiliation as printed

   Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad

6. Nosheen Rashid

   University of Education

   Affiliation as printed

   Department of Chemistry, University of Education

7. Mashkoor Mohsin

   University of Agriculture Faisalabad

   Affiliation as printed

   Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Agriculture Faisalabad

8. Hafiza Elbadie Ahmed

   Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University

   Affiliation as printed

   Department of Computer Sciences, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University

9. Kinza Khan

   University of Agriculture Faisalabad

   Affiliation as printed

   Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad

10. Rimsha Khan

    University of Agriculture Faisalabad

    Affiliation as printed

    Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad

11. Amna Sattar

    University of Agriculture Faisalabad

    Affiliation as printed

    Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Agriculture Faisalabad

12. Kashif Ali

    University of Agriculture Faisalabad

    Affiliation as printed

    Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad

13. Allah Ditta Aachen Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging

    Universitätsklinikum Aachen · RWTH Aachen University

    Affiliation as printed

    Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University Hospital

14. Riha Zulfiqar

    University of Agriculture Faisalabad

    Affiliation as printed

    Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad

15. Muhammad Imran

    King Khalid University

    Affiliation as printed

    Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University