Euclid Quick Data Release (Q2) -- The Euclid Galactic Bulge Survey
Abstract
The Euclid Quick Data Release Q2 provides an unprecedented deep, wide-field, high-angular-resolution view of the inner Galactic bulge through the Euclid Galactic Bulge Survey (EGBS). Nine contiguous fields covering 4.8 deg$^2$ were observed with the VIS instrument over 24 hours in March 2025. Unlike the nominal Euclid survey strategy, the EGBS employed 16 dithered exposures of 400 s each, corresponding to a total integration time of 1.8 hours per field. Dedicated calibration observations were obtained to derive point spread functions (PSFs). The primary objective of the EGBS is gravitational microlensing, with high-angular-resolution imaging enabling lens-mass measurements to better than 10%. The survey provides an optical reference dataset for previously discovered microlensing events and future observations of the Galactic bulge. The Q2 data were processed with the VIS-PF pipeline. The non-standard observing strategy required dedicated calibration products, while the extreme stellar density necessitated modifications to the astrometric calibration and cosmic-ray detection procedures. These improvements have since been incorporated into later pipeline versions. We describe the motivation, observing strategy, data processing, products, and first results of the EGBS. Astrometric residuals with respect to the Gaia DR3 catalogue are 5.5 mas in right ascension and 4.4 mas in declination across the survey area, while the photometric zero points are calibrated to 1.5%. The Q2 release includes calibrated single-dither images, dedicated PSF models, and photometric catalogues containing approximately 45 million detected sources per dither down to AB magnitude 26. Although incomplete because of extreme crowding, these products provide a robust astrometric and photometric foundation for future exploitation of the dataset.
Authors 99
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University of Tasmania · Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris
Affiliation as printed
Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris, 98bis Boulevard Arago, 75014, Paris, France
School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 37 Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut UTINAM · Observatoire des Sciences de l’Univers Terre Homme Environnement Temps Astronomie · Université de Franche-Comté
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Université de Franche-Comté, Institut UTINAM, CNRS UMR6213, OSU THETA Franche-Comté-Bourgogne, Observatoire de Besançon, BP 1615, 25010 Besançon Cedex, France
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris · Sorbonne Université
Affiliation as printed
Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris, UMR 7095, CNRS, and Sorbonne Université, 98 bis boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, France
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris · Sorbonne Université
Affiliation as printed
Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris, UMR 7095, CNRS, and Sorbonne Université, 98 bis boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, France
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Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris
Affiliation as printed
Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris, 98bis Boulevard Arago, 75014, Paris, France
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Affiliation as printed
Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
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Affiliation as printed
Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, 202 Nicholson Hall, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
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Affiliation as printed
Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, 202 Nicholson Hall, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris · Sorbonne Université
Affiliation as printed
Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris, UMR 7095, CNRS, and Sorbonne Université, 98 bis boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, France
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European Space Astronomy Centre
Affiliation as printed
ESAC/ESA, Camino Bajo del Castillo, s/n., Urb. Villafranca del Castillo, 28692 Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain
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University of Salerno · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Napoli
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Universita di Salerno, Dipartimento di Fisica "E.R. Caianiello", Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano
INFN section of Naples, Via Cinthia 6, 80126, Napoli, Italy
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Paris Cité · Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives · Université Paris-Saclay · Astrophysique, Instrumentation et Modélisation
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Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris Cité, CEA, CNRS, AIM, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris · Sorbonne Université
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Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris, UMR 7095, CNRS, and Sorbonne Université, 98 bis boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, France
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Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova
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INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Via dell'Osservatorio 5, 35122 Padova, Italy
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Leiden University · Leiden Observatory
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Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris · Sorbonne Université
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Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris, UMR 7095, CNRS, and Sorbonne Université, 98 bis boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, France
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Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova
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INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Via dell'Osservatorio 5, 35122 Padova, Italy
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Affiliation as printed
Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
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Universität Bonn, Argelander-Institut für Astronomie, Auf dem Hügel 71, 53121 Bonn, Germany
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris · Sorbonne Université
Affiliation as printed
Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris, UMR 7095, CNRS, and Sorbonne Université, 98 bis boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, France
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Affiliation as printed
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA, 91109, USA
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Affiliation as printed
School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 37 Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
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Affiliation as printed
Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Holmbury St Mary, Dorking, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK
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Max Planck Institute for Astronomy
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Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie, Königstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
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Institute for Space Astrophysics and Planetology · National Institute for Astrophysics
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INAF-Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, via del Fosso del Cavaliere, 100, 00100 Roma, Italy
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris · Sorbonne Université
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Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris, UMR 7095, CNRS, and Sorbonne Université, 98 bis boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, France
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris · Sorbonne Université
Affiliation as printed
Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris, UMR 7095, CNRS, and Sorbonne Université, 98 bis boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, France
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris · Sorbonne Université
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Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris, UMR 7095, CNRS, and Sorbonne Université, 98 bis boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, France
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Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris
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[tbc]Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris, 98 bis, boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, France
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Max Planck Institute for Astronomy
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Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie, Königstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
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European Space Astronomy Centre
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ESAC/ESA, Camino Bajo del Castillo, s/n., Urb. Villafranca del Castillo, 28692 Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris · Sorbonne Université
Affiliation as printed
Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris, UMR 7095, CNRS, and Sorbonne Université, 98 bis boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, France
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris · Sorbonne Université
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Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris, UMR 7095, CNRS, and Sorbonne Université, 98 bis boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, France
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Max Planck Institute for Astronomy
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Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie, Königstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris · Sorbonne Université
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Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris, UMR 7095, CNRS, and Sorbonne Université, 98 bis boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, France
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European Space Astronomy Centre
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ESAC/ESA, Camino Bajo del Castillo, s/n., Urb. Villafranca del Castillo, 28692 Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain
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Brera Astronomical Observatory
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Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics
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INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Paris Cité · Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives · Université Paris-Saclay · Astrophysique, Instrumentation et Modélisation
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Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris Cité, CEA, CNRS, AIM, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati · Trieste Astronomical Observatory · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Trieste · Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe
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IFPU, Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe, via Beirut 2, 34151 Trieste, Italy
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SISSA, International School for Advanced Studies, Via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste TS, Italy
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Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bologna · Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics · University of Bologna
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Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Bologna, Via Gobetti 93/2, 40129 Bologna, Italy
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INFN-Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
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Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova
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INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Via dell'Osservatorio 5, 35122 Padova, Italy
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Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics
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INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy
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Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics
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INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy
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Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics · Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
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Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstr. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
Universitäts-Sternwarte München, Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Scheinerstr.~1, 81679 München, Germany
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Trieste Astronomical Observatory · Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe
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IFPU, Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe, via Beirut 2, 34151 Trieste, Italy
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Astronomical Observatory of Capodimonte · University of Naples Federico II
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Department of Physics "E. Pancini", University Federico II, Via Cinthia 6, 80126, Napoli, Italy
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Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino · Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino · University of Turin · National Institute for Astrophysics
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Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via P. Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, Italy
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Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino · National Institute for Astrophysics
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National Institute for Astrophysics
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Astronomical Observatory of Rome · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma I · National Institute for Astrophysics
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INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Via Frascati 33, 00078 Monteporzio Catone, Italy
INFN-Sezione di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 2 - c/o Dipartimento di Fisica, Edificio G. Marconi, 00185 Roma, Italy
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Port d'Informació Científica · Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas
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Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas
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Astronomical Observatory of Rome · National Institute for Astrophysics
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INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Via Frascati 33, 00078 Monteporzio Catone, Italy
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Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics
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INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy
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Astronomical Observatory of Capodimonte · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Napoli
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INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte, Via Moiariello 16, 80131 Napoli, Italy
INFN section of Naples, Via Cinthia 6, 80126, Napoli, Italy
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Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "Augusto Righi" - Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
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Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias
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Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, E-38205 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
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Royal Observatory · University of Edinburgh
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Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UK
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Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
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European Space Agency · European Space Astronomy Centre · European Space Research Institute
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European Space Agency/ESRIN, Largo Galileo Galilei 1, 00044 Frascati, Roma, Italy
ESAC/ESA, Camino Bajo del Castillo, s/n., Urb. Villafranca del Castillo, 28692 Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain
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Lyon 1 Université · Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules · Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon
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Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, IP2I Lyon, UMR 5822, Villeurbanne, F-69100, France
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Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats · Institute of Space Sciences · Institut de Ciències del Cosmos
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Institut de Ciències del Cosmos
Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats
Institut de Ciencies de l'Espai
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Lyon 1 Université · Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules · Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon
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UCB Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, IUF, IP2I Lyon, 4 rue Enrico Fermi, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
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Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Holmbury St Mary, Dorking, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK
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Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva, ch. d'Ecogia 16, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland
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Trieste Astronomical Observatory
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INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, Italy
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Affiliation as printed
Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Holmbury St Mary, Dorking, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Paris-Saclay · Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale
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Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut d'astrophysique spatiale, 91405, Orsay, France
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Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva, ch. d'Ecogia 16, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland
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European Space Astronomy Centre
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ESAC/ESA, Camino Bajo del Castillo, s/n., Urb. Villafranca del Castillo, 28692 Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain
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Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova
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INFN-Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Aix-Marseille Université · Centre de physique des particules de Marseille · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules
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Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
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Institute for Space Astrophysics and Planetology · National Institute for Astrophysics
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INAF-Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, via del Fosso del Cavaliere, 100, 00100 Roma, Italy
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Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics
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INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy
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Astronomical Observatory of Rome · National Institute for Astrophysics
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INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Via Frascati 33, 00078 Monteporzio Catone, Italy
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Lyon 1 Université · Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules · Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon
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Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, IP2I Lyon, UMR 5822, Villeurbanne, F-69100, France
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Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bologna · Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics
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INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy
INFN-Bologna, Via Irnerio 46, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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Affiliation as printed
School of Physics, HH Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1TL, UK
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Aix-Marseille Université · Centre de physique des particules de Marseille · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules
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Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
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Trieste Astronomical Observatory
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INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, Italy
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Affiliation as printed
Department of Physics, Oxford University, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK
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Trieste Astronomical Observatory
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INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, Italy
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Aix-Marseille Université · Centre de physique des particules de Marseille · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules
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Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
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Royal Observatory · University of Edinburgh
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Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UK
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Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bologna · Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics
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INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy
INFN-Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
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European Space Astronomy Centre
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FRACTAL S.L.N.E., calle Tulipán 2, Portal 13 1A, 28231, Las Rozas de Madrid, Spain
ESAC/ESA, Camino Bajo del Castillo, s/n., Urb. Villafranca del Castillo, 28692 Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain
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Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova
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INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Via dell'Osservatorio 5, 35122 Padova, Italy
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Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics · Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
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Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstr. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
Universitäts-Sternwarte München, Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Scheinerstr.~1, 81679 München, Germany
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University of Milan · Brera Astronomical Observatory · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Milano
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Dipartimento di Fisica "Aldo Pontremoli", Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy
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INFN-Sezione di Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy
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Affiliation as printed
Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva, ch. d'Ecogia 16, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland
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Affiliation as printed
Institute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1029 Blindern, 0315 Oslo, Norway
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California Institute of Technology · Infrared Processing and Analysis Center
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California Institute of Technology, 1200 E California Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
Caltech/IPAC, 1200 E. California Blvd., Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
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California Institute of Technology · Infrared Processing and Analysis Center
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Caltech/IPAC, 1200 E. California Blvd., Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
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Leiden University · Leiden Observatory
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Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
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Affiliation as printed
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA, 91109, USA
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Affiliation as printed
Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YB, UK
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Affiliation as printed
Felix Hormuth Engineering, Goethestr. 17, 69181 Leimen, Germany
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Technical University of Denmark
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Technical University of Denmark, Elektrovej 327, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
Cosmic Dawn Center
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NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
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