Digital Triplet for Developing Future Reliable 6G Cooperative Intelligent Transport Systems: Case Studies From Teleoperation to Platooning
IEEE Access, vol. 14, pp. 89380–89403
Abstract
Future Cooperative Intelligent Transport Systems (C-ITSs) will impose stringent requirements on mobile networks in terms of latency, data rate, and reliability. These requirements must be met in rapidly changing wireless channel conditions. Hence, their fulfillment requires rigorous and reproducible testing environments that enable a seamless transition from simulation to real-world deployment. However, existing testbeds and simulation environments either lack physical realism or fail to scale cost-effectively, hindering comprehensive C-ITS evaluation. To overcome these limitations, we implement the concept of aDigital Triplet, comprising three complementary layers: a full-scale real-world test field, a co-simulation environment for integrating additional simulated entities, and a scaled-down replica of the test field. This architecture enables reliable, reproducible, and scalable testing of future 6G-enabled C-ITS applications across different levels of abstraction. We demonstrate the applicability of theDigital Tripletthrough multiple case studies. For remote driving, we deploy and optimize a low-latency video streaming system and simulate a mmWave communication channel incorporating Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RISs), and achieve up to a 74% reduced median Glass-To-Glass (G2G) latency compared to related work. Moreover, emulating real-world vehicle localization in the scaled test field enables the implementation of cross-domain Nonlinear Model Predictive Control (NMPC)-based vehicular platooning. Finally, we evaluate the NMPC platooning controller in both decentralized (on-vehicle) and centralized (edge cloud) configurations. The results highlight the strong potential of theDigital Tripletto accelerate the development and validation of C-ITS applications within future 6G networks.
Authors 8
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Affiliation as printed
Chair of Communication Networks (ComNets), TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
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Affiliation as printed
Chair of Communication Networks (ComNets), TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
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Affiliation as printed
Institute for Automotive Engineering (ika), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
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Affiliation as printed
Design Automation of Embedded Systems (DAES), TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
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Affiliation as printed
Institute for Automotive Engineering (ika), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
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TU Dortmund University · Lamarr Institute for Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence
Affiliation as printed
Lamarr Institute for Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
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Affiliation as printed
Institute for Automotive Engineering (ika), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
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Affiliation as printed
Chair of Communication Networks (ComNets), TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
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