Acteocina melinda

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)

Abstract

Acteocina melinda (De Gregorio, 1885) Figs 36A–H Bulla Lajonkaireana Bast.—Hörnes 1856: 624, pl. 50, figs 9a–b (only) [non Acteocina lajonkaireana (de Basterot, 1825)]. * Akera (Bullina) melinda De Greg. — De Gregorio 1885a: 81 [for Bulla lajonkaireana in Hörnes 1856: pl. 50, fig. 9]. Tornatina Okeni [sic] Eichw. var. buhlovensis Friedb.— Friedberg 1928: 540 (pars), pl. 35, fig. 14. Tornatina Okeni [sic] Eichw. var. buhlovensis Friedb.— Friedberg 1938 (pars): 160. A [cteocina]. l [ajonkaireana]. ventricosa— Berger 1949: 83 [nomen nudum]. A [cteocina]. l [ajonkaireana]. maxima— Berger 1949: 83 [nomen nudum]. Acteocina lajonkaireana ventricosa n. subsp. — Berger 1953: 105, pl. 20, figs 97–98. Acteocina lajonkaireana maxima n. subsp. — Berger 1953: 106, pl. 20, figs 99–100. Acteocina lajonkaireana ventricosa Berger— Papp 1954: 60, pl. 10, fig. 9. Acteocina lajonkaireana maxima Berger— Papp 1954: 60, pl. 10, fig. 11. A [cteocina]. (A [cteocina].) lajonkaireana ventricosa Berg.— Sieber 1958: 164. A [cteocina]. (A [cteocina].) lajonkaireana maxima Berg.— Sieber 1958: 164. Type material. Lectotype (designated herein), NHMW 1846/0037/0526b, SL: 15.2 mm, MD: 7.8 mm, Vienna / Gaudenzdorf (Austria), illustrated in Hörnes (1856: pl. 50, figs 9a–b), Figs 36B 1 –B 3. Akera (Bullina) melinda De Gregorio, 1885 was introduced for Bulla lajonkaireana of Hörnes 1856 (note that De Gregorio 1885a erroneously referred to fig, 7 on pl. 50 in Hörnes (1856), which shows “ Bulla convoluta ” but clearly indicated discussed Hörnes’ Bulla lajonkaireana. Unfortunately, Hörnes (1856) illustrated two different species in his figs 9a–b and 9c–d. Herein, we select the specimen illustrated by Hörnes (1856: pl. 50, figs 9a–b) as lectotype of Akera (Bullina) melinda De Gregorio, 1885, whereas the specimen of figs 9c–d is Acteocina okenii (Eichwald, 1830). Illustrated material. NHMW 1846/0037/0527, SL: 15.9 mm, MD: 7.4 mm, Vienna/Gaudenzdorf (Austria), Figs 36C 1 –C 3. NHMW 1846/0037/0526a, SL: 15.4 mm, MD: 7.4 mm, Vienna /Gaudenzdorf (Austria), Figs 36A 1 –A 2. NHMW-ZOO-MO-75000-E-42947A, SL: 8.0 mm, MD: 4.2 mm, Vienna /Ottakring (Austria), illustrated in Berger (1953: pl. 20, fig. 97), holotype of Acteocina lajonkaireana ventricosa Berger, 1953, Figs 36D 1 –D 2. NHMW-ZOO-MO-75000-E-42947, SL: 7.7 mm, MD: 4.0 mm, Vienna /Ottakring (Austria), paratype of Acteocina lajonkaireana ventricosa Berger, 1953, Figs 36E 1 –E 2. NHMW-ZOO-MO-75000-E-42947, SL: 8.9 mm, MD: 4.5 mm, Vienna / Ottakring (Austria), paratype of Acteocina lajonkaireana ventricosa Berger, 1953, Figs 36F 1 –F 3. NHMW-ZOO-MO-75000-E-47061, SL: 11.3 mm, MD: 5.4 mm, Vienna /Hundsturm (Austria), paratype of Acteocina lajonkaireana maxima Berger, 1953, Figs 36G 1 –G 3. NHMW-ZOO-MO-75000-E-47061A, SL: 12.3 mm, MD: 6.2 mm, Vienna / Hundsturm (Austria), illustrated in Berger (1953: pl. 20, fig. 97), holotype of Acteocina lajonkaireana maxima Berger, 1953, Figs 36H 1 –H 2. Additional material. 22 spec., NHMW 1862/0001/0515, Vienna / Gaudenzdorf (Austria). 4 spec., NHMW 1866/0040/0402, Vienna / Hernals (Austria). Revised description. Shell large, extraordinarily thick-shelled, moderately broad, subcylindrical with almost parallel to slightly convex sides (SL/MD = 1.9–2.0). Protoconch about 1.5 whorls, flattened, strongly tilted (~140– 160°); usually partly covered by first teleoconch whorl, rarely completely protruding. Teleoconch of about three whorls separated by deeply canaliculated suture. Spire conical (apical angle 73–100°), broad (MD/ApD = 1.5–1.7), spire whorls rapidly increasing in height, with rounded shoulder and moderately convex periphery placed just above mid-whorl, rarely in abapical third (SL/ PH = 1.5–1.8). Last whorl 88–95% of total height, rounded shoulder, subcylindrical below, rounded at rapidly contracting base. Surface smooth except for delicate to prominent, arcuate growth lines. Aperture 75–88% of total height, moderately narrow in upper half (MD/AW = 6.9–7.0), widening in anterior third (MD/MAW = 2.0–2.1), resulting in moderate expansion rate (ER = 3.2–3.5). Outer lip simple, solid, shallowly arcuate in profile, straight in upper two-thirds, rounded at base. Columella short, excavated, thickened, expanded over base, without columellar fold, persisting continuously into thick, broad parietal callus. Paratethyan synonyms. Berger (1949, 1953) was unaware of the paper by De Gregorio (1885a) and introduced Acteocina lajonkaireana ventricosa for the specimens from Vienna /Gaudenzdorf, which included also the herein designated lectotype of Acteocina melinda. Therefore, Acteocina ventricosa is a subjective junior synonym of Acteocina melinda. In addition, Berger (1953) introduced Acteocina lajonkaireana maxima as new subspecies for very large specimens. These specimens do not differ from the slightly smaller specimens and therefore, we treat Acteocina maxima also as subjective junior synonym of Acteocina melinda. Friedberg (1928) illustrated two syntypes of Tornatina okenii Eichw. var. buhlovensis Friedberg, 1928 (Friedberg 1928: pl. 35, figs 13, 14). Of these, fig. 13 represents Acteocina volhynica (Eichwald 1830), whereas his fig. 14 corresponds to Acteocina melinda. By selecting this specimen as lectotype of Acteocina buhlovensis (Friedberg, 1928), this species becomes a subjective junior synonym of Acteocina melinda (De Gregorio, 1885). Discussion. Acteocina melinda (De Gregorio, 1885) is characterized by its unusually large size for the genus, extraordinarily thick shell and very thick, band-like columellar-parietal callus. It is a common species in offshore deposits and is clearly separated from its Sarmatian congeners without intermediate morphologies. Therefore, we treat it at full species rank. Acteocina melinda appears abruptly in the late Volhynian (Ervilia Zone) of the Vienna Basin and might be an offshoot of Acteocina volhynica (Eichwald, 1830). Its appearance coincides with a phase of increased shell thickness and shell size of many Sarmatian mollusk lineages correlating with increased sea water salinity and alkalinity (Piller & Harzhauser 2005; Neubauer et al. 2013). Paleoenvironment. Muddy bottoms in middle to outer neritic environments (own data, M.H.). Distribution in Central Paratethys. Sarmatian (Middle Miocene): Ukrainian-Polish Fore-Carpathian Basin: Buhłowa (Poland) (Friedberg 1928); Vienna Basin: Vienna /Gaudenzdorf, Vienna /Hundsturm, Vienna /Hernals, Vienna /Nussdorf, Vienna /Ottakring (Austria) (Berger 1953).

Authors 3

1. Mathias Harzhauser

   Natural History Museum Vienna

   Affiliation as printed

   Natural History Museum Vienna, Burgring 7, 1010 Vienna, Austria mathias. harzhauser @ nhm. at; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 4471 - 6655

2. Bernard Landau Aachen

   University of Lisbon · Instituto Dom Luiz · Naturalis Biodiversity Center

   Affiliation as printed

   Naturalis Biodiversity Center, P. O. Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands; Instituto Dom Luiz da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749 - 016 Lisboa, Portugal; and International Health Centres, Av. Infante de Henrique 7, Areias São João, P- 8200 Albufeira, Portugal bernardmlandau @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 7768 - 8494

3. Manuel António E. Malaquias

   University of Bergen · Natural History Museum Vienna

   Affiliation as printed

   Natural History Museum Vienna, Burgring 7, 1010 Vienna, Austria mathias. harzhauser @ nhm. at; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 4471 - 6655 & Department of Natural History, University Museum of Bergen, University of Bergen, PB 7800, 5020 - Bergen, Norway manuel. malaquias @ uib. no; http: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 9668 - 945 X & Natural History Museum Vienna, Burgring 7, 1010 Vienna, Austria mathias. harzhauser @ nhm. at; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 4471 - 6655