Euclid preparation

Astronomy and Astrophysics, vol. 713, pp. A213

Abstract

The extraction of cosmological information from two-point statistics critically relies on the assumed form of their likelihood. Although a Gaussian likelihood is generally adopted, the first paper of this series showed that the distribution of power-spectrum estimates exhibits non-Gaussian features on both large and small scales ( k < 0.5 h /Mpc), with their amplitudes depending on the survey volume, masking, and shot noise. In this work, we account for this skewness in parameter inference by modelling the likelihood through an Edgeworth expansion. This procedure involves the complete skewness tensor, composed of one-point, two-point, and three-point correlators. To simplify the calculations of this expansion, we performed a change in the basis, which reduced the precision matrix to the identity. In this basis, the off-diagonal elements of the skewness tensor are consistent with zero, while the amplitude of its diagonal match the level expected for a Gaussian underlying field. We performed a parameter inference with this likelihood model and found that including only the diagonal part of the skewness is sufficient; whereas incorporating the full skewness tensor injects noise without improving accuracy. Despite the estimated excess skewness in the original basis, the cosmological constraints remain effectively unchanged when adopting a Gaussian likelihood or considering the more complete Edgeworth expansion, with variations in the figure of merit of cosmological parameters between the two cases below 5%. This result remains unchanged against variations of the survey volume and geometry, scale-cut, as well as the two-point statistics (i.e. power spectrum or correlation function). Using 10 000 cloned Euclid large mocks based on realistic galaxy catalogues with characteristics approximating future Euclid data, we found no detectable excess skewness on intermediate scales, due to the level of shot noise expected for the Euclid spectroscopic sample. We conclude that the Gaussian likelihood assumption is robust for Euclid two-point statistics analyses in both Fourier and the configuration space.

Authors 100

1. Sylvain Gouyou Beauchamps

   Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya · Institute of Space Sciences · Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya

   Affiliation as printed

   Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), Edifici RDIT, Campus UPC

   Institute of Space Sciences (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB

2. J. Bel

   Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Aix-Marseille Université · Université de Toulon · Centre de Physique Théorique

   Affiliation as printed

   Aix-Marseille Université, Université de Toulon, CNRS, CPT

3. Philippe Baratta

   Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules · Aix-Marseille Université · Inserm · Centre de physique des particules de Marseille · Centre de Génétique Médicale de Marseille

   Affiliation as printed

   Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, MMG

   Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM

4. C. Carbone

   National Institute for Astrophysics

   Affiliation as printed

   INAF-IASF Milano

5. B Altieri

   European Space Agency · European Space Astronomy Centre

   Affiliation as printed

   ESAC/ESA

6. Stefano Andreon

   National Institute for Astrophysics · Brera Astronomical Observatory

   Affiliation as printed

   INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera

7. N. Auricchio

   Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics

   Affiliation as printed

   INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna

8. C. Baccigalupi

   Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati · National Institute for Astrophysics · Trieste Astronomical Observatory · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Trieste · Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe

   Affiliation as printed

   IFPU, Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe

   INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste

   INFN, Sezione di Trieste

   SISSA, International School for Advanced Studies

9. Marco Baldi

   Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bologna · University of Bologna

   Affiliation as printed

   Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Bologna

   INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna

   INFN-Sezione di Bologna

10. S. Bardelli

    Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna

11. P. Battaglia

    Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna

12. Francis Bernardeau

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Paris-Saclay · Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris · Sorbonne Université · Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives · Institut de Physique Théorique

    Affiliation as printed

    Institut de Physique Théorique, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay

    Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, UMR 7095, CNRS, and Sorbonne Université

13. A. Biviano

    National Institute for Astrophysics · Trieste Astronomical Observatory · Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe

    Affiliation as printed

    IFPU, Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe

    INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste

14. E. Branchini

    National Institute for Astrophysics · University of Genoa · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Genova · Brera Astronomical Observatory

    Affiliation as printed

    Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova

    INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera

    INFN-Sezione di Genova

15. M. Brescia

    National Institute for Astrophysics · University of Naples Federico II · Astronomical Observatory of Capodimonte

    Affiliation as printed

    Department of Physics “E. Pancini”, University Federico II

    INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte

16. S. Camera

    National Institute for Astrophysics · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino · University of Turin · Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino

    Affiliation as printed

    Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Torino

    INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino

    INFN-Sezione di Torino

17. G Cañas-Herrera

    Leiden University · University of Edinburgh · Royal Observatory · Leiden Observatory

    Affiliation as printed

    Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill

    Leiden Observatory, Leiden University

18. V. Capobianco

    National Institute for Astrophysics · Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino

19. V. F. Cardone

    National Institute for Astrophysics · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma I · Astronomical Observatory of Rome

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma

    INFN-Sezione di Roma,Piazzale Aldo Moro, 2 – c/o Dipartimento di Fisica, Edificio G. Marconi

20. J. Carretero

    Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona · Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas · Port d'Informació Científica

    Affiliation as printed

    Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT)

    Port d’Informació Científica, Campus UAB

21. Santiago Casas Aachen Institute for Theoretical Particle Physics and Cosmology

    RWTH Aachen University · Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)

    Affiliation as printed

    Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR), Linder Höhe

    Institute for Theoretical Particle Physics and Cosmology (TTK), RWTH Aachen University

22. M. G. CASTELLANO

    National Institute for Astrophysics · Astronomical Observatory of Rome

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma

23. G. Castignani

    Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna

24. S. Cavuoti

    National Institute for Astrophysics · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Napoli · Astronomical Observatory of Capodimonte

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte

    INFN section of Naples

25. K. C. Chambers

    University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa · University of Hawaii System

    Affiliation as printed

    Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii

26. C Colodro-Conde

    Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias

    Affiliation as printed

    Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias

27. G. Congedo

    University of Edinburgh · Royal Observatory

    Affiliation as printed

    Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill

28. L. Conversi

    European Space Agency · European Space Astronomy Centre · European Space Research Institute

    Affiliation as printed

    ESAC/ESA

    European Space Agency/ESRIN, Largo Galileo Galilei 1

29. Y. Copin

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules · Lyon 1 Université · Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon

    Affiliation as printed

    Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, IP2I Lyon, UMR 5822

30. F. Courbin

    Institut de Ciències del Cosmos · Universitat de Barcelona · Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats · Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas · Institute of Space Sciences

    Affiliation as printed

    Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA)

    Institut de Ciencies de l’Espai (IEEC-CSIC), Campus UAB

    Institut de Ciències del Cosmos (ICCUB), Universitat de Barcelona (IEEC-UB)

31. Hélène M. Courtois

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules · Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon

    Affiliation as printed

    UCB Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, IUF, IP2I Lyon

32. M. Crocce

    Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya · Institute of Space Sciences · Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya

    Affiliation as printed

    Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), Edifici RDIT, Campus UPC

    Institute of Space Sciences (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB

33. A.P.G. Da Silva

    University of Lisbon · Institute of Astrophysics and Space Sciences

    Affiliation as printed

    Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Edifício C8, Campo Grande

    Instituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa,Campo Grande

34. H Degaudenzi

    University of Geneva

    Affiliation as printed

    Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva

35. S. de la Torre

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Aix-Marseille Université

    Affiliation as printed

    Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, CNES, LAM

36. G. De Lucia

    National Institute for Astrophysics · Trieste Astronomical Observatory

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste

37. Herve A. Dole

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Paris-Saclay · Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale

    Affiliation as printed

    Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut d’astrophysique spatiale

38. F. Dubath

    University of Geneva

    Affiliation as printed

    Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva

39. X Dupac

    European Space Agency · European Space Astronomy Centre

    Affiliation as printed

    ESAC/ESA

40. S. Dusini

    Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare

    Affiliation as printed

    INFN-Padova

41. S. Escoffier

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules · Aix-Marseille Université · Centre de physique des particules de Marseille

    Affiliation as printed

    Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM

42. Maria Farina

    National Institute for Astrophysics · Institute for Space Astrophysics and Planetology

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali

43. R. Farinelli

    Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna

44. S. Farrens

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Paris-Saclay · Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives · Astrophysique, Instrumentation et Modélisation · Université Paris Cité

    Affiliation as printed

    Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris Cité, CEA, CNRS, AIM

45. S Ferriol

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules · Lyon 1 Université · Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon

    Affiliation as printed

    Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, IP2I Lyon, UMR 5822

46. Fabio Finelli

    Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bologna

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna

    INFN-Bologna

47. P. Fosalba

    Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya · Institute of Space Sciences · Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya

    Affiliation as printed

    Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), Edifici RDIT, Campus UPC

    Institute of Space Sciences (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB

48. S. Fotopoulou

    University of Bristol

    Affiliation as printed

    School of Physics, HH Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol

49. N. Fourmanoit

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules · Aix-Marseille Université · Centre de physique des particules de Marseille

    Affiliation as printed

    Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM

50. M. Frailis

    National Institute for Astrophysics · Trieste Astronomical Observatory

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste

51. Enrico Franceschi

    Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna

52. M. Fumana

    National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-IASF Milano

53. Samuele Galeotta

    National Institute for Astrophysics · Trieste Astronomical Observatory

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste

54. Koshy George

    Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München

    Affiliation as printed

    University Observatory, LMU Faculty of Physics

55. William Gillard

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules · Aix-Marseille Université · Centre de physique des particules de Marseille

    Affiliation as printed

    Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM

56. Bryan R. Gillis

    University of Edinburgh · Royal Observatory

    Affiliation as printed

    Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill

57. C. Giocoli

    Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bologna

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna

    INFN-Sezione di Bologna

58. Javier Graciá-Carpio

    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics

    Affiliation as printed

    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics

59. A. Grazian

    National Institute for Astrophysics · Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova

60. Frank U. Grupp

    Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München · Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics

    Affiliation as printed

    Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics

    Universitäts-Sternwarte München, Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München

61. S. V. H. Haugan

    University of Oslo

    Affiliation as printed

    Institute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo

62. W. Holmes

    Jet Propulsion Laboratory

    Affiliation as printed

    Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology

63. Allan Hornstrup

    Technical University of Denmark

    Affiliation as printed

    Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN)

    Technical University of Denmark

64. K. Jahnkę

    Max Planck Institute for Astronomy

    Affiliation as printed

    Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie

65. Benjamin Joachimi

    University College London

    Affiliation as printed

    Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London

66. Smaïn Kermiche

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules · Aix-Marseille Université · Centre de physique des particules de Marseille

    Affiliation as printed

    Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM

67. A. Kiessling

    Jet Propulsion Laboratory

    Affiliation as printed

    Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology

68. Bogna Kubik

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules · Lyon 1 Université · Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon

    Affiliation as printed

    Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, IP2I Lyon, UMR 5822

69. Martin Kunz

    University of Geneva

    Affiliation as printed

    Université de Genève, Département de Physique Théorique and Centre for Astroparticle Physics

70. Hannu Kurki-Suonio

    Helsinki Institute of Physics

    Affiliation as printed

    Department of Physics

    Helsinki Institute of Physics

71. Amandine M. C. Le Brun

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Paris Sciences et Lettres · Sorbonne Université · Observatoire de Paris · Laboratoire d'Étude de l'Univers et des Phénomènes Extrêmes

    Affiliation as printed

    Laboratoire d’etude de l’Univers et des phenomenes eXtremes, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS

72. S. Ligori

    National Institute for Astrophysics · Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino

73. Per Barth Lilje

    University of Oslo

    Affiliation as printed

    Institute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo

74. V. Lindholm

    Helsinki Institute of Physics

    Affiliation as printed

    Department of Physics

    Helsinki Institute of Physics

75. Ivan Lloro

    SKA Observatory

    Affiliation as printed

    SKAO, Jodrell Bank, Lower Withington

76. Gabriele Mainetti

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Centre de Calcul de l’Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules

    Affiliation as printed

    Centre de Calcul de l’IN2P3/CNRS

77. E. Maiorano

    Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna

78. O. Mansutti

    National Institute for Astrophysics · Trieste Astronomical Observatory

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste

79. S. Marcin

    FHNW University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland

    Affiliation as printed

    University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Northwestern Switzerland, School of Computer Science

80. O. Marggraf

    University of Bonn

    Affiliation as printed

    Universität Bonn, Argelander-Institut für Astronomie

81. Katarina Markovic

    Jet Propulsion Laboratory

    Affiliation as printed

    Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology

82. M. Martinelli

    National Institute for Astrophysics · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma I · Astronomical Observatory of Rome

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma

    INFN-Sezione di Roma,Piazzale Aldo Moro, 2 – c/o Dipartimento di Fisica, Edificio G. Marconi

83. N. Martinet

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Aix-Marseille Université

    Affiliation as printed

    Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, CNES, LAM

84. F. Marulli

    Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bologna · University of Bologna

    Affiliation as printed

    Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “Augusto Righi” – Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna

    INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna

    INFN-Sezione di Bologna

85. R. J. Massey

    Durham University

    Affiliation as printed

    Department of Physics, Institute for Computational Cosmology, Durham University

86. Eduardo Medinaceli

    Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna

87. S. Mei

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules · Université Paris Cité · Centre Pierre Binétruy

    Affiliation as printed

    CNRS-UCB International Research Laboratory, Centre Pierre Binétruy, IRL2007, CPB-IN2P3

    Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie

88. Massimo Meneghetti

    Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bologna

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna

    INFN-Sezione di Bologna

89. E. Merlin

    National Institute for Astrophysics · Astronomical Observatory of Rome

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma

90. G. Meylan

    École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne

    Affiliation as printed

    Institute of Physics, Laboratory of Astrophysics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Observatoire de Sauverny

91. A. Mora

    European Space Agency

    Affiliation as printed

    Telespazio UK S.L. for European Space Agency (ESA)

92. M. Moresco

    Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics · University of Bologna

    Affiliation as printed

    Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “Augusto Righi” – Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna

    INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna

93. Lauro Moscardini

    Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bologna · University of Bologna

    Affiliation as printed

    Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “Augusto Righi” – Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna

    INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna

    INFN-Sezione di Bologna

94. R. Nakajima

    University of Bonn

    Affiliation as printed

    Universität Bonn, Argelander-Institut für Astronomie

95. Christian Neissner

    Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona · Institute for High Energy Physics · Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology · Port d'Informació Científica

    Affiliation as printed

    Institut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB

    Port d’Informació Científica, Campus UAB

96. S.-M Niemi

    European Space Agency · European Space Research and Technology Centre

    Affiliation as printed

    European Space Agency/ESTEC

97. C Padilla

    Institute for High Energy Physics · Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology

    Affiliation as printed

    Institut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB

98. S. Paltani

    University of Geneva

    Affiliation as printed

    Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva

99. FABIO PASIAN

    National Institute for Astrophysics · Trieste Astronomical Observatory

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste

100. K. Pedersen

     University of Copenhagen

     Affiliation as printed

     DARK, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen