A discrete time simulation model for kidney allocation in Germany

Transplant International, vol. 39, pp. 16189

Abstract

The ongoing shortage of kidney donations increases pressure to optimize utility and equity in kidney allocation; simulation models allow evaluation of policy changes before implementation. Using data from the German national transplant registry (19,517 kidney transplants), human leukocyte antigen (HLA) information from the German bone marrow donor registry, and the Eurotransplant database, we developed a discrete time simulation model that reconstructs the current German kidney allocation process. To validate the model, we simulated the period from 2006 to 2017 and compared simulated and historical outputs. Waiting list size, numbers of removals and transplants, age distributions, HLA mismatch counts, and predicted long-term survival were highly similar to historic data, indicating solid calibration. As an exemplary application for the allocation model, we explored the effects of omitting the European Senior Program (ESP) from Eurotransplant kidney allocation. This alleviated disparities in waiting time for younger adults and slightly improved overall transplant survival rates, but it worsened access to transplantation for older patients. In conclusion, this discrete time simulation model provides a tool for assessing policy trade-offs on a variety of outcomes before clinical implementation. Further work is needed to generalize the model to the full Eurotransplant area.

Authors 11

1. Nassim Kakavand corresponding

   University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein

   Affiliation as printed

   Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Christian-Albrechts-University

2. Maarten Coemans

   KU Leuven

   Affiliation as printed

   Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven

3. Hans C. de Ferrante Aachen Eurotransplant International Foundation

   Eurotransplant · Eindhoven University of Technology

   Affiliation as printed

   Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Eindhoven University of Technology

   Eurotransplant International Foundation

4. Benedikt Kolbrink

   University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein

   Affiliation as printed

   Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Christian-Albrechts-University

5. Malte Ziemann

   University of Lübeck

   Affiliation as printed

   Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Universität zu Lübeck

6. David I. Radke

   University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein

   Affiliation as printed

   Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Christian-Albrechts-University

7. Matthias Lindner

   University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein

   Affiliation as printed

   Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Christian-Albrechts-University

8. Maarten Naesens

   KU Leuven

   Affiliation as printed

   Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven

9. Roland Schmitt

   University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein

   Affiliation as printed

   Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Christian-Albrechts-University

10. Kevin Schulte

    University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein

    Affiliation as printed

    Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Christian-Albrechts-University

11. Friedrich Alexander von Samson‐Himmelstjerna

    University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein

    Affiliation as printed

    Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Christian-Albrechts-University