Euclid preparation. CosmoPostProcess: A simulation calibrated framework for weak lensing selection bias in richness-selected galaxy clusters
Abstract
We present \texttt{CosmoPostProcess}, a simulation-based forward-modelling algorithm calibrated to reproduce Euclid optical cluster observables. Its main deliverable is a correction for stacked surface-density profiles, binned in richness and redshift, accounting for selection systematics in richness-selected samples relative to unbiased references. We focus on the Euclid richness definition foreseen for cosmological analyses, which does not apply a colour selection; red-sequence richness is not considered. The algorithm processes $N$-body simulations by painting galaxies with a halo-occupation model and emulating survey detection and richness assignment. We also implement a novel estimate of optical cluster centres from projected galaxy densities, validated against Euclid pipelines. Baryonic effects are included through a correction calibrated on hydrodynamical simulations; the baryon-corrected excess surface density agrees within \(2\,\%\) over \(r\in[0.1,\,5]\,h^{-1}\,\mathrm{Mpc}\). Selection-bias contributions are assessed by varying cosmology and the mass--richness relation. Projection-induced selection bias follows a robust pattern: correlated large-scale structure projected along the line of sight enhances the stacked profile near the one-halo to two-halo transition, peaking at about \(1\,h^{-1}\,\mathrm{Mpc}\) with an amplitude of \(20\!-\!40\,\%\), depending on richness and redshift. The effect is mild at low and intermediate redshift ($z\lesssim0.7$), at the few-percent level, but becomes more relevant at higher redshift ($z\gtrsim0.7$). Baryonic modifications remain sub-dominant outside the core, at about \(2\,\%\) beyond \(r\gtrsim0.3\,h^{-1}\,\mathrm{Mpc}\). The framework delivers radial profile corrections with uncertainties, combining projection-induced selection bias, baryonic physics, and miscentring, to control systematics in Euclid DR1 cluster cosmology. (abridged)
Authors 100
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University of Trieste · Trieste Astronomical Observatory · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Trieste · Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe
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Dipartimento di Fisica - Sezione di Astronomia, Università di Trieste, Via Tiepolo 11, 34131 Trieste, Italy
IFPU, Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe, via Beirut 2, 34151 Trieste, Italy
INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, Italy
INFN, Sezione di Trieste, Via Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste TS, Italy
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University of Trieste · Trieste Astronomical Observatory · Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe
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Dipartimento di Fisica - Sezione di Astronomia, Università di Trieste, Via Tiepolo 11, 34131 Trieste, Italy
INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, Italy
IFPU, Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe, via Beirut 2, 34151 Trieste, Italy
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Trieste Astronomical Observatory · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Trieste · Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe · Fondazione ICSC Centro Nazionale di Ricerca in High Performance Computing, Big Data e Quantum Computing
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INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, Italy
INFN, Sezione di Trieste, Via Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste TS, Italy
IFPU, Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe, via Beirut 2, 34151 Trieste, Italy
ICSC - Centro Nazionale di Ricerca in High Performance Computing, Big Data e Quantum Computing, Via Magnanelli 2, Bologna, Italy
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University of Trieste · Trieste Astronomical Observatory · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Trieste · Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe · Fondazione ICSC Centro Nazionale di Ricerca in High Performance Computing, Big Data e Quantum Computing
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Dipartimento di Fisica - Sezione di Astronomia, Università di Trieste, Via Tiepolo 11, 34131 Trieste, Italy
IFPU, Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe, via Beirut 2, 34151 Trieste, Italy
INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, Italy
INFN, Sezione di Trieste, Via Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste TS, Italy
ICSC - Centro Nazionale di Ricerca in High Performance Computing, Big Data e Quantum Computing, Via Magnanelli 2, Bologna, Italy
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University of Trieste · Trieste Astronomical Observatory · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Trieste · Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe · Fondazione ICSC Centro Nazionale di Ricerca in High Performance Computing, Big Data e Quantum Computing
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Dipartimento di Fisica - Sezione di Astronomia, Università di Trieste, Via Tiepolo 11, 34131 Trieste, Italy
IFPU, Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe, via Beirut 2, 34151 Trieste, Italy
INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, Italy
INFN, Sezione di Trieste, Via Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste TS, Italy
ICSC - Centro Nazionale di Ricerca in High Performance Computing, Big Data e Quantum Computing, Via Magnanelli 2, Bologna, Italy
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University of Trieste · Trieste Astronomical Observatory · Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe
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Dipartimento di Fisica - Sezione di Astronomia, Università di Trieste, Via Tiepolo 11, 34131 Trieste, Italy
INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, Italy
IFPU, Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe, via Beirut 2, 34151 Trieste, Italy
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Trieste Astronomical Observatory
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Paris Cité
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Trieste Astronomical Observatory · Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe
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Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bologna · Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics
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Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya
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Trieste Astronomical Observatory
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Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics
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Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bologna · Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics
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Technical University of Denmark
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Technical University of Denmark, Elektrovej 327, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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Max Planck Institute for Astronomy
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Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Aix-Marseille Université · Centre de physique des particules de Marseille · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules
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Lyon 1 Université · Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules · Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon
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Institute for High Energy Physics
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Institut de Física d'Altes Energies
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Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva, ch. d'Ecogia 16, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland
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Trieste Astronomical Observatory
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DARK, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 155, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
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European Space Agency/ESTEC, Keplerlaan 1, 2201 AZ Noordwijk, The Netherlands
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Paris Cité · Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives · Université Paris-Saclay · Astrophysique, Instrumentation et Modélisation
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Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris Cité, CEA, CNRS, AIM, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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Affiliation as printed
Space Science Data Center, Italian Space Agency, via del Politecnico snc, 00133 Roma, Italy
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Centre National d'Études Spatiales
Affiliation as printed
Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales -- Centre spatial de Toulouse, 18 avenue Edouard Belin, 31401 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
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