Exploring hemocompatibility and crystallographic anisotropy effects on coagulation dynamics of single crystalline ceramic surfaces

RWTH Publications (RWTH Aachen)

Abstract

Developing hem compatible materials is crucial for the success of implants, that come into contact with blood such as artificial heart valves, vascular grafts, and stents. Implant failure is frequently triggered by the activation of platelets, which leads to thrombosis. This research addresses the need for innovative anti-thrombogenic biomaterials minimizing platelet activation. We systematically examined the hemocompatibility and cytocompatibility of various high-strength ceramics, including alumina, zirconia, silicon nitride, and silicon carbide, particularly focusing on their crystallographic orientations and surface terminations. Our findings revealed that single crystalline ceramics exhibited higher hemocompatibility than the polycrystalline forms, with minimal platelet activation, making them promising candidates for blood-contacting implants. Furthermore, we explored the influence of crystallographic orientation on hemocompatibility, specifically in single crystalline alumina(α-Al2O3). We demonstrated that specific orientations, such as the A-plane of alumina, significantly enhance endothelialisation and inhibit platelet activation, comparable to the physiological endothelial monolayer. Through detailed analyses of surface properties, including crystallographic phase, roughness, surface potential, and wettability, we highlighted the critical role of crystallographic orientation and surface termination in influencing blood cell behaviour. Our results provide key insights into the design of advanced hem compatible surfaces, potentially reducing or eliminating the need for lifelong anticoagulation therapy in patients carries cardiovascular implants. This research focuses on the critical interface between material surfaces and cellular interactions. By this way, this study bridges the gap between material science and biological responses, ultimately contributing to improved clinical outcomes in cardiovascular device applications. Based on these findings, future research will focus on a wider variety of bio ceramics and composites that have specific crystallographic orientations to acquire a better understanding of interfacial interactions. Additionally, including surface modifications with functional groups may improve endothelialisation while reducing platelet adherence. This approach will also facilitate the tailored development of surface properties to address specific problems and needs in biological interfaces.

Authors 1

1. Zümray Vuslat Parlak corresponding Aachen

   RWTH Aachen University

   Affiliation as printed

   RWTH Aachen