April 21, 2026 article Open access Large language models in NLP: evolution, architectural trends, and open challenges Journal Of Big Data DOI: 10.1186/s40537-026-01429-1 Full text (OA) OpenAlex Authors 0 Author list not loaded yet. Cited by 0 stored of 0 References 1 Search Sort Most cited Newest Oldest Patent citations Title Any typearticle review book-chapter conference-paper preprint dissertation book dataset other Any fieldAgricultural and Biological Sciences Arts and Humanities Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology Business, Management and Accounting Chemical Engineering Chemistry Computer Science Decision Sciences Dentistry Earth and Planetary Sciences Economics, Econometrics and Finance Energy Engineering Environmental Science Health Professions Immunology and Microbiology Materials Science Mathematics Medicine Neuroscience Nursing Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics Physics and Astronomy Psychology Social Sciences Veterinary Open access Large physics models: towards a collaborative approach with large language models and foundation models 2025 The European Physical Journal C article Computer Science Artificial Intelligence Applications Open access 11 citations 1 result