colibre : calibrating subgrid feedback in cosmological simulations that include a cold gas phase
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol. 548
Abstract
ABSTRACT We present the calibration of stellar and active galactic nucleus (AGN) feedback in the subgrid model for the new colibre hydrodynamical simulations of galaxy formation. colibre directly simulates the multiphase interstellar medium and the evolution of dust grains, which is coupled to the chemistry. colibre is calibrated at three resolutions: particle masses of $m_{\rm gas} \approx m_{\rm dm} \sim 10^7$ (m7), $10^6$ (m6), and $10^5\,\mathrm{M_\odot }$ (m5). To calibrate the colibre feedback at m7 resolution, we run Latin hypercubes of $\approx 200$ simulations that vary up to four subgrid parameters in cosmological volumes of ($50\,\mathrm{cMpc})^{3}$. We train Gaussian process emulators on these simulations to predict the $z=0$ galaxy stellar mass function (GSMF) and size–stellar mass relation (SSMR) as functions of the model parameters, which we then fit to observations. The trained emulators not only provide the best-fitting parameter values but also enable us to investigate how different aspects of the prescriptions for supernova and AGN feedback affect the predictions. In particular, we demonstrate that while the observed $z=0$ GSMF and SSMR can be matched individually with a relatively simple supernova feedback model, simultaneously reproducing both necessitates a more sophisticated prescription. We show that the calibrated m7 colibre model not only reproduces the calibration target observables, but also matches various other galaxy properties to which the model was not calibrated. Finally, we apply the calibrated m7 model to the m6 and m5 resolutions and, after slight manual adjustments of the subgrid parameters, achieve a similar level of agreement with the observed $z=0$ GSMF and SSMR.
Authors 20
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Leiden University · Leiden Observatory
Affiliation as printed
Leiden Observatory, Leiden University , PO Box 9513, NL-2300 RA Leiden ,
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Leiden University · Leiden Observatory
Affiliation as printed
Leiden Observatory, Leiden University , PO Box 9513, NL-2300 RA Leiden ,
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Leiden University · Leiden Observatory
Affiliation as printed
Leiden Observatory, Leiden University , PO Box 9513, NL-2300 RA Leiden ,
Lorentz Institute for Theoretical Physics, Leiden University , PO Box 9506, NL-2300 RA Leiden ,
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Affiliation as printed
University of Vienna Department of Astrophysics, , Türkenschanzstrasse 17, A-1180 Vienna ,
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University of Nottingham · École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
Affiliation as printed
Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Observatoire de Sauverny , CH-1290 Versoix ,
School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham , University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD ,
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Affiliation as printed
Dipartimento di Fisica G. Occhialini, Università degli Studi di Milano Bicocca , Piazza della Scienza, 3, I-20126 Milano MI ,
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Leiden University · Leiden Observatory
Affiliation as printed
Leiden Observatory, Leiden University , PO Box 9513, NL-2300 RA Leiden ,
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Leiden University · Leiden Observatory
Affiliation as printed
Leiden Observatory, Leiden University , PO Box 9513, NL-2300 RA Leiden ,
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Affiliation as printed
University of Durham Institute for Computational Cosmology, Department of Physics, , South Road, Durham DH1 3LE ,
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Leiden University · Leiden Observatory
Affiliation as printed
Leiden Observatory, Leiden University , PO Box 9513, NL-2300 RA Leiden ,
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Leiden University · Leiden Observatory
Affiliation as printed
Leiden Observatory, Leiden University , PO Box 9513, NL-2300 RA Leiden ,
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Leiden University · Leiden Observatory
Affiliation as printed
Leiden Observatory, Leiden University , PO Box 9513, NL-2300 RA Leiden ,
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Affiliation as printed
Centre for Data Science, Artificial Intelligence and Modelling, University of Hull , Cottingham Road, Hull HU6 7RX ,
E. A. Milne Centre for Astrophysics, University of Hull , Cottingham Road, Hull HU6 7RX ,
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Affiliation as printed
Institute of Cosmology and Gravitation, University of Portsmouth, Dennis Sciama Building , Burnaby Road, Portsmouth PO1 3FX ,
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Affiliation as printed
University of Pennsylvania Department of Physics and Astronomy, , 209 South 33rd Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104 ,
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Liverpool John Moores University
Affiliation as printed
Astrophysics Research Institute, Liverpool John Moores University , 146 Brownlow Hill, Liverpool L3 5RF ,
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Affiliation as printed
University of Durham Institute for Computational Cosmology, Department of Physics, , South Road, Durham DH1 3LE ,
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Affiliation as printed
University of Durham Institute for Computational Cosmology, Department of Physics, , South Road, Durham DH1 3LE ,
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The University of Western Australia · International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research
Affiliation as printed
International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research, University of Western Australia , 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia 6009 ,
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Leiden University · Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research · Leiden Observatory
Affiliation as printed
Leiden Observatory, Leiden University , PO Box 9513, NL-2300 RA Leiden ,
Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO) , Molengraaffsingel 8, NL-2629 JD Delft ,
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