PENELLOPE
Springer Link (Chiba Institute of Technology)
Abstract
We conducted a homogeneous chemical analysis of pre-main sequence stars with effective temperatures ranging from ∼3000 K to ∼5500 K in eight nearby star-forming regions (SFRs): Chamaeleon I, η Chamaeleonis, Lupus, Orion OB1a, Orion OB1b, σ Orionis, Taurus, and Corona-Australis. Our study aims to: (1) derive the lithium (Li) abundance (A(Li)) and highlight the impact of veiling correction on both the A(Li) and age determination; (2) perform an iron (Fe) and barium (Ba) abundance analysis in regions with scarce previous measurements; and (3) investigate the possible Ba enhancement. The analyzed data were obtained as part of the PENELLOPE Large Program using the ESPRESSO, UVES, and X-Shooter instruments. We measured the equivalent width (EW) of the Li line (EWLi) at λ = 6707.8 Å, from which A(Li) was derived using the curves of growth method. The Fe and Ba abundances have been measured through spectral synthesis analysis. Using the EAGLES code, we derived an upper limit on the age of the eight SFRs. Our findings underscore the necessity of veiling corrections on EWLi, which can shift A(Li) and age estimates by up to ∼0.7 dex and ∼20 Myr, respectively. When accounting for veiling, the A(Li) distributions peak in a range between 3.3 and 3.8 dex for most clusters and the upper age limit is approximately 5 Myr for all SFRs. We successfully measured the mean Fe and Ba abundances in Lupus, Taurus, Cha I, and η Cha, finding slightly subsolar Fe abundances and a clear Ba overabundance, with [Ba/H] values reaching up to 0.75 dex.
Authors 22
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Astronomical Observatory of Rome · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma , via Frascati 33 , 00078 Monte Porzio Catone (RM) , Italy
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Astronomical Observatory of Rome · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma , via Frascati 33 , 00078 Monte Porzio Catone (RM) , Italy
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Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania , via S.Sofia 78 , 95123 Catania , Italy
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Affiliation as printed
European Southern Observatory , Karl-Schwarzschild-Straße 2 , 85748 Garching bei München , Germany
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Astronomical Observatory of Capodimonte
Affiliation as printed
INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte , via Moiariello 16 , 80131 Napoli , Italy
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Affiliation as printed
European Southern Observatory , Karl-Schwarzschild-Straße 2 , 85748 Garching bei München , Germany
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Affiliation as printed
European Southern Observatory , Karl-Schwarzschild-Straße 2 , 85748 Garching bei München , Germany
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Chinese Academy of Sciences · Purple Mountain Observatory
Affiliation as printed
Purple Mountain Observatory , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 10 Yuanhua Road , Nanjing 210023 , People's Republic of China
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Astronomical Observatory of Rome · Agenzia Spaziale Italiana · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
ASI , Italian Space Agency , Via del Politecnico snc , 00133 , Rome , Italy
INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma , via Frascati 33 , 00078 Monte Porzio Catone (RM) , Italy
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Universidade do Porto · Institute of Astrophysics and Space Sciences · Centro de Astrofísica da Universidade do Porto
Affiliation as printed
Departamento de Física e Astronomia , Faculdade de Ciências , Universidade do Porto , Ruado Campo Alegre 687 , 4169-007 Porto , Portugal
Instituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço , Universidade do Porto , CAUP , Ruadas Estrelas , 4150-762 Porto , Portugal
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Affiliation as printed
European Southern Observatory , Karl-Schwarzschild-Straße 2 , 85748 Garching bei München , Germany
Instituto de Astronomía , Universidad Autónoma de México Ensenada , B.C , México
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Affiliation as printed
Centro de Astrobiología (CAB) , CSIC-INTA , Camino Bajo del Castillo s/n , 28692 , Villanueva de la Cañada , Madrid , Spain
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Astronomical Observatory of Rome · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma , via Frascati 33 , 00078 Monte Porzio Catone (RM) , Italy
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Space Telescope Science Institute · Johns Hopkins University
Affiliation as printed
Johns Hopkins University , Bloomberg Center for Physics and Astronomy , 3400 N. Charles Street , Baltimore , MD 21218 , USA
Space Telescope Science Institute , 3700 San Martin Dr. , Baltimore , MD 21218 , USA
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Affiliation as printed
Division of Physics and Astronomy , Alfred University , 1 Saxon Drive , Alfred , NY 14802 , USA
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Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel
Affiliation as printed
Institut für Theoretische Physik und Astrophysik Christian- Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel , Leibnizstrasse 15 24118 Kiel , Germany
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Uniwersytet Komisji Edukacji Narodowej w Krakowie · Konkoly Observatory · HUN-REN Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences
Affiliation as printed
Konkoly Observatory , HUN-REN Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences , MTA Centre of Excellence , Konkoly-Thege Miklós út 15-17 , 1121 Budapest , Hungary
Mt. Suhora Astronomical Observatory , University of the National Education Commission , ul. Podchorżych 2 , 30-084 Kraków , Poland
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Thüringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg
Affiliation as printed
Thüringer Landessternwarte , Sternwarte 5 , 07778 Tautenburg , Germany
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Leiden University · Leiden Observatory
Affiliation as printed
Leiden Observatory , Leiden University , PO Box 9513 , 2300RA , Leiden , The Netherlands
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Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence
Affiliation as printed
SETI Institute , 339 Bernardo Ave. , Suite 200 , Mountain View , CA 94043 , USA
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