PENELLOPE

Astronomy and Astrophysics, vol. 709, pp. A144

Abstract

We conducted a homogeneous chemical analysis of pre-main sequence stars with effective temperatures ranging from ∼3000 K to ∼5500 K in eight nearby star-forming regions (SFRs): Chamaeleon I, η Chamaeleonis, Lupus, Orion OB1a, Orion OB1b, σ Orionis, Taurus, and Corona-Australis. Our study aims to: (1) derive the lithium (Li) abundance ( A (Li)) and highlight the impact of veiling correction on both the A (Li) and age determination; (2) perform an iron (Fe) and barium (Ba) abundance analysis in regions with scarce previous measurements; and (3) investigate the possible Ba enhancement. The analyzed data were obtained as part of the PENELLOPE Large Program using the ESPRESSO, UVES, and X-Shooter instruments. We measured the equivalent width (EW) of the Li line ( EW Li ) at λ = 6707.8 Å, from which A (Li) was derived using the curves of growth method. The Fe and Ba abundances have been measured through spectral synthesis analysis. Using the EAGLES code, we derived an upper limit on the age of the eight SFRs. Our findings underscore the necessity of veiling corrections on EW Li , which can shift A (Li) and age estimates by up to ∼0.7 dex and ∼20 Myr, respectively. When accounting for veiling, the A (Li) distributions peak in a range between 3.3 and 3.8 dex for most clusters and the upper age limit is approximately 5 Myr for all SFRs. We successfully measured the mean Fe and Ba abundances in Lupus, Taurus, Cha I, and η Cha, finding slightly subsolar Fe abundances and a clear Ba overabundance, with [Ba/H] values reaching up to 0.75 dex.

Authors 22

1. R. Carini

   Astronomical Observatory of Rome · National Institute for Astrophysics

   Affiliation as printed

   INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma

2. K. Biazzo

   Astronomical Observatory of Rome · National Institute for Astrophysics

   Affiliation as printed

   INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma

3. A. Frasca

   Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania · National Institute for Astrophysics

   Affiliation as printed

   INAF – Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania

4. Carlo Felice Manara

   European Southern Observatory · European Southern Observatory

   Affiliation as printed

   European Southern Observatory

5. J. M. Alcalá

   Astronomical Observatory of Capodimonte · National Institute for Astrophysics

   Affiliation as printed

   INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte

6. P. Ábráham

   Eötvös Loránd University · University of Vienna · Konkoly Observatory · HUN-REN Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences

   Affiliation as printed

   Institute for Astronomy (IfA), University of Vienna

   Institute of Physics and Astronomy, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University

   Konkoly Observatory, HUN-REN Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences, MTA Centre of Excellence

7. J. Campbell-White

   European Southern Observatory · European Southern Observatory

   Affiliation as printed

   European Southern Observatory

8. R. A. B. Claes

   European Southern Observatory · European Southern Observatory

   Affiliation as printed

   European Southern Observatory

9. M. Fang

   Chinese Academy of Sciences · Purple Mountain Observatory

   Affiliation as printed

   Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences

10. Manuele Ettore Michel Gangi

    Astronomical Observatory of Rome · Agenzia Spaziale Italiana · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    ASI, Italian Space Agency

    INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma

11. J. F. Gameiro

    Universidade do Porto · Institute of Astrophysics and Space Sciences · Centro de Astrofísica da Universidade do Porto

    Affiliation as printed

    Departamento de Física e Astronomia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto

    Instituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço, Universidade do Porto, CAUP

12. Á. Kóspál

    Eötvös Loránd University · Konkoly Observatory · Max Planck Institute for Astronomy · HUN-REN Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences

    Affiliation as printed

    Institute of Physics and Astronomy, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University

    Konkoly Observatory, HUN-REN Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences, MTA Centre of Excellence

    Max-Planck-Insitut für Astronomie

13. K. Mauco

    European Southern Observatory · European Southern Observatory

    Affiliation as printed

    European Southern Observatory

    Instituto de Astronomía, Universidad Autónoma de México Ensenada

14. I. Mendigutía

    Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas · Centro de Astrobiología

    Affiliation as printed

    Centro de Astrobiología (CAB), CSIC-INTA

15. Brunella Nisini

    Astronomical Observatory of Rome · National Institute for Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma

16. M. Robberto

    Space Telescope Science Institute · Johns Hopkins University

    Affiliation as printed

    Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg Center for Physics and Astronomy

    Space Telescope Science Institute

17. C.E. Robinson

    Alfred University

    Affiliation as printed

    Division of Physics and Astronomy, Alfred University

18. C. Schneider

    Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel

    Affiliation as printed

    Institut für Theoretische Physik und Astrophysik Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel

19. M. Siwak

    Konkoly Observatory · HUN-REN Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences

    Affiliation as printed

    Konkoly Observatory, HUN-REN Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences, MTA Centre of Excellence

    Mt. Suhora Astronomical Observatory, University of the National Education Commission

20. T. Sperling

    Thüringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg

    Affiliation as printed

    Thüringer Landessternwarte

21. Łukasz Tychoniec Aachen Leiden Observatory

    Leiden University · Leiden Observatory

    Affiliation as printed

    Leiden Observatory, Leiden University

22. L. Venuti

    Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence

    Affiliation as printed

    SETI Institute