Ring Asymmetry and Spin in M87*
The Astrophysical Journal, vol. 1000, pp. 231
Abstract
Abstract Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) images of the supermassive black hole M87* depict an asymmetric ring of emission. General relativistic magnetohydrodynamic (GRMHD) models of M87* and its accretion disk predict that the amplitude and location of the ring’s peak brightness asymmetry should fluctuate due to turbulence in the source plasma. We compare the observed distribution of brightness asymmetry amplitudes to the simulated distribution in GRMHD models, across varying black hole spin a * . We show that, for strongly magnetized (MAD) models, three epochs of EHT data marginally disfavor ∣ a * ∣ ≲ 0.2. This is consistent with the Blandford–Znajek model for M87’s jet, which predicts that M87* should have nonzero spin. We show quantitatively how future observations could improve spin constraints and discuss how improved spin constraints could distinguish between differing jet-launching mechanisms and black hole growth scenarios.
Authors 100
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University of Arizona · University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
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Department of Physics, University of Illinois, 1110 West Green Street, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
Steward Observatory and Department of Astronomy, University of Arizona, 933 N. Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
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University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
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Department of Astronomy, University of Illinois, 1002 West Green Street, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; nconroy2@illinois.edu
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University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
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Department of Physics, University of Illinois, 1110 West Green Street, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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Harvard University · Center for Astrophysics Harvard & Smithsonian
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Black Hole Initiative at Harvard University, 20 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
Center for Astrophysics ∣Harvard & Smithsonian, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
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Department of Physics, University of Illinois, 1110 West Green Street, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
Illinois Center for Advanced Study of the Universe, 1110 West Green Street, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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Los Alamos National Laboratory · University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
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Department of Physics, University of Illinois, 1110 West Green Street, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
Los Alamos National Lab, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
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University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign · National Center for Supercomputing Applications
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Department of Astronomy, University of Illinois, 1002 West Green Street, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; nconroy2@illinois.edu
Department of Physics, University of Illinois, 1110 West Green Street, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
Illinois Center for Advanced Study of the Universe, 1110 West Green Street, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
National Center for Supercomputing Applications, 605 East Springfield Avenue, Champaign, IL 61820, USA
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Harvard University · National Astronomical Observatory of Japan · Massachusetts Institute of Technology
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Black Hole Initiative at Harvard University, 20 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
Massachusetts Institute of Technology Haystack Observatory, 99 Millstone Road, Westford, MA 01886, USA
National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
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Departament d’Astronomia i Astrofísica, Universitat de València, C. Dr. Moliner 50, E-46100 Burjassot, València, Spain
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Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía
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Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía-CSIC, Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n, E-18008 Granada, Spain
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Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy
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Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
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Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Harvard University · Center for Astrophysics Harvard & Smithsonian · The University of Texas at San Antonio · Rice University
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Black Hole Initiative at Harvard University, 20 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
Center for Astrophysics ∣Harvard & Smithsonian, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
Department of Physics & Astronomy, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
Physics & Astronomy Department, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005-1827, USA
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Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Academia Sinica · Academia Sinica
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Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Academia Sinica, 11F of Astronomy-Mathematics Building, AS/NTU No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 106216, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Universitat de València · Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy
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Departament d’Astronomia i Astrofísica, Universitat de València, C. Dr. Moliner 50, E-46100 Burjassot, València, Spain
Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
Observatori Astronòmic, Universitat de València, C. Catedrático José Beltrán 2, E-46980 Paterna, València, Spain
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Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy · Chalmers University of Technology
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Department of Space, Earth and Environment, Chalmers University of Technology, Onsala Space Observatory, SE-43992 Onsala, Sweden
Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
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Steward Observatory and Department of Astronomy, University of Arizona, 933 N. Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
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Astronomy Department, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, Concepción, Chile
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Massachusetts Institute of Technology
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Massachusetts Institute of Technology Haystack Observatory, 99 Millstone Road, Westford, MA 01886, USA
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Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory · University of Chicago
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Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago, 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, MS209, P.O. Box 500, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
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East Asian Observatory, 660 N. A’ohoku Place, Hilo, HI 96720, USA
James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT), 660 N. A’ohoku Place, Hilo, HI 96720, USA
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Harvard University · Center for Astrophysics Harvard & Smithsonian
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California Institute of Technology
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University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa · Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Academia Sinica · East Asian Observatory
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James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT), 660 N. A’ohoku Place, Hilo, HI 96720, USA
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Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique
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Center for Astrophysics Harvard & Smithsonian
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Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy
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Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
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University of Waterloo · Perimeter Institute
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Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Academia Sinica
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Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Academia Sinica, 645 N. A’ohoku Place, Hilo, HI 96720, USA
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Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute
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Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute, Daedeok-daero 776, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34055, Republic of Korea
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Department of Physics, University of Chicago, 5720 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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Yonsei University · Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute · Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía
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Department of Astronomy, Yonsei University, Yonsei-ro 50, Seodaemun-gu, 03722 Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute, Daedeok-daero 776, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34055, Republic of Korea
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Chalmers University of Technology
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Department of Space, Earth and Environment, Chalmers University of Technology, Onsala Space Observatory, SE-43992 Onsala, Sweden
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Massachusetts Institute of Technology
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Goethe University Frankfurt · Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
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Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Napoli · University of Naples Federico II
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University of the Witwatersrand · Rhodes University · University of Pretoria
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Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics · University of Colorado Boulder
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JILA and Department of Astrophysical and Planetary Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
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University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
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Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shengrong Road 520, Shanghai, 201210, People’s Republic of China
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Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy
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Center for Astrophysics Harvard & Smithsonian
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Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope Network · University of California, Santa Barbara
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National Radio Astronomy Observatory
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Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía
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Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía-CSIC, Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n, E-18008 Granada, Spain
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Department of Astrophysics, Institute for Mathematics, Astrophysics and Particle Physics (IMAPP), Radboud University, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Google (United States) · Massachusetts Institute of Technology
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East Asian Observatory, 660 N. A’ohoku Place, Hilo, HI 96720, USA
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Goethe University Frankfurt · University of Würzburg · Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy
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Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía-CSIC, Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n, E-18008 Granada, Spain
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Black Hole Initiative at Harvard University, 20 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique
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Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM), 300 rue de la Piscine, F-38400 Saint-Martin-d’Hères, France
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Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique
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Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM), 300 rue de la Piscine, F-38400 Saint-Martin-d’Hères, France
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Steward Observatory and Department of Astronomy, University of Arizona, 933 N. Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
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University of Southern Denmark · Heidelberg University · Institute for Theoretical Physics
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Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía
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Center for Astrophysics Harvard & Smithsonian
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Center for Astrophysics ∣Harvard & Smithsonian, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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Nagoya City University · National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
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Graduate School of Science, Nagoya City University, Yamanohata 1, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8501, Aichi, Japan
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Trottier Space Institute at McGill · McGill University
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NOVA Sub-mm Instrumentation Group, Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen, Landleven 12, 9747 AD Groningen, The Netherlands
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Steward Observatory and Department of Astronomy, University of Arizona, 933 N. Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
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Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Academia Sinica · East Asian Observatory · Academia Sinica
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East Asian Observatory, 660 N. A’ohoku Place, Hilo, HI 96720, USA
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James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT), 660 N. A’ohoku Place, Hilo, HI 96720, USA
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The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI · National Astronomical Observatory of Japan · The University of Tokyo
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Mizusawa VLBI Observatory, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, 2-12 Hoshigaoka, Mizusawa, Oshu, Iwate 023-0861, Japan
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Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Academia Sinica · Academia Sinica
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Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Academia Sinica, 11F of Astronomy-Mathematics Building, AS/NTU No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 106216, Taiwan, R.O.C
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National Institute of Astrophysics, Optics and Electronics
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Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe · The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI · The Institute of Statistical Mathematics · National Astronomical Observatory of Japan · The University of Tokyo
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National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
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Leiden University · National Radio Astronomy Observatory · Leiden Observatory
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Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Academia Sinica · Academia Sinica
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Center for Astrophysics Harvard & Smithsonian
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Center for Astrophysics ∣Harvard & Smithsonian, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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Applied Materials (United States)
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University of Turku · Aalto University
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Department of Astrophysics, Institute for Mathematics, Astrophysics and Particle Physics (IMAPP), Radboud University, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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