March 20, 2026 article Open access Backpropagation-free spiking neural networks with the forward–forward algorithm Scientific Reports DOI: 10.1038/s41598-026-41671-4 Full text (OA) OpenAlex Authors 0 Author list not loaded yet. Cited by 0 stored of 1 References 1 Search Sort Most cited Newest Oldest Patent citations Title Any typearticle review book-chapter conference-paper preprint dissertation book dataset other Any fieldAgricultural and Biological Sciences Arts and Humanities Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology Business, Management and Accounting Chemical Engineering Chemistry Computer Science Decision Sciences Dentistry Earth and Planetary Sciences Economics, Econometrics and Finance Energy Engineering Environmental Science Health Professions Immunology and Microbiology Materials Science Mathematics Medicine Neuroscience Nursing Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics Physics and Astronomy Psychology Social Sciences Veterinary Open access Training Spiking Neural Networks Using Lessons From Deep Learning 2023 Proceedings of the IEEE article Engineering Advanced Memory and Neural Computing Open access 787 citations 1 result