Enzyme-Polymer stickers for assembling single and multi-analyte biosensors
Abstract
Electrochemical biosensors have achieved widespread commercial success due to their high selectivity, ease of use, and low cost. However, the fabrication of many such systems, especially when targeting multianalyte sensing, is often constrained by the preparation of the sensing film, which typically relies on drop-casting a polymer–enzyme solutions followed by drying to form the active layer. Depending on the enzyme-polymer formulation, this step can be difficult to integrate into large-scale, roll-to-roll production processes and lacks flexibility for constructing multianalyte sensors. Here, we propose a new fabrication concept in which the sensing film is produced separately as transferable sensor stickers. These stickers contain enzymes and redox polymers and can be transferred in a single step either onto singular electrodes to generate single-analyte sensors or combined on electrode arrays for multianalyte sensing. We demonstrate the sensor sticker concept using four oxidoreductases as biorecognition elements that catalyze the oxidation or reduction of four different analytes (H₂, HCOONa, KNO₃, and NADPH). Accurate sensing was achieved on both standard glassy carbon electrodes and on specifically designed microelectrode arrays modified with the sensor stickers. The stickers exhibited high selectivity with minimal interference, even in mixed samples containing all four analytes. This modular approach to assembling multianalyte sensors on microarrays is broadly applicable to other analytes and holds strong promise for flexible, customizable, and scalable fabrication of multianalyte biosensors.
Authors 21
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Technical University of Munich
Affiliation as printed
Electrobiotechnology, Technical University of Munich, Uferstraße 53, Straubing, Bayern, Germany, 94315
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Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology
Affiliation as printed
Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB, Schulgasse 11a, Straubing, Bayern, Germany, 94315
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Technical University of Munich
Affiliation as printed
Electrobiotechnology, Technical University of Munich, Uferstraße 53, Straubing, Bayern, Germany, 94315
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Technical University of Munich
Affiliation as printed
Electrobiotechnology, Technical University of Munich, Uferstraße 53, Straubing, Bayern, Germany, 94315
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Technical University of Munich
Affiliation as printed
Electrobiotechnology, Technical University of Munich, Uferstraße 53, Straubing, Bayern, Germany, 94315
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Technical University of Munich
Affiliation as printed
Electrobiotechnology, Technical University of Munich, Uferstraße 53, Straubing, Bayern, Germany, 94315
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Technical University of Munich
Affiliation as printed
Electrobiotechnology, Technical University of Munich, Uferstraße 53, Straubing, Bayern, Germany, 94315
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Technical University of Munich
Affiliation as printed
Electrobiotechnology, Technical University of Munich, Uferstraße 53, Straubing, Bayern, Germany, 94315
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Affiliation as printed
Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, Bochum, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, D-44780
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Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology
Affiliation as printed
Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB, Schulgasse 11a, Straubing, Bayern, Germany, 94315
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Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier · Universidade Nova de Lisboa
Affiliation as printed
Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier (ITQB NOVA), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Av. da República, Oeiras, Portugal, 2780-157
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Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier · Universidade Nova de Lisboa
Affiliation as printed
Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier (ITQB NOVA), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Av. da República, Oeiras, Portugal, 2780-157
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Technical University of Munich
Affiliation as printed
Electrobiotechnology, Technical University of Munich, Uferstraße 53, Straubing, Bayern, Germany, 94315
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Affiliation as printed
Technologie Campus Parsberg-Lupburg, OTH Ostbayerische Technische Hochschule Regensburg, Am Campus 1, Parsberg, Germany, 92331
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Technical University of Munich
Affiliation as printed
Electrobiotechnology, Technical University of Munich, Uferstraße 53, Straubing, Bayern, Germany, 94315
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Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas · Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica
Affiliation as printed
Department of Biocatalysis, ICP-CSIC, Institute of Catalysis, C/ Marie Curie 2, Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain, 28049
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Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas · Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica
Affiliation as printed
Department of Biocatalysis, ICP-CSIC, Institute of Catalysis, C/ Marie Curie 2, Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain, 28049
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Technical University of Munich
Affiliation as printed
Electrobiotechnology, Technical University of Munich, Uferstraße 53, Straubing, Bayern, Germany, 94315
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Technical University of Munich
Affiliation as printed
Electrobiotechnology, Technical University of Munich, Uferstraße 53, Straubing, Bayern, Germany, 94315
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Affiliation as printed
Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, Leiden, Netherlands, 2300 RA
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Technical University of Munich
Affiliation as printed
Electrobiotechnology, Technical University of Munich, Uferstraße 53, Straubing, Bayern, Germany, 94315
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