Topics for implementation research: Implementation researchers’ and practitioners’ views in The Netherlands

Implementation Science Communications, vol. 7

Abstract

BACKGROUND: In recent years, implementation research has gained a renewed attention in the Netherlands. However, limited national funding for implementation research has mainly resulted in case- and context-specific descriptive data. To help prioritize research that holds high scientific value and practical relevance, this study aimed to identify gaps in both implementation science and implementation practice. METHODS: A two-stage study was conducted combining multiple methods to collect data from implementation researchers working in the healthcare sector in the Netherlands. A two-round e-Delphi study was employed to identify research priorities amongst implementation researchers. In addition, a survey was conducted with practitioners to identify implementation knowledge gaps and needs in implementation practice. RESULTS: Twenty-six (55%) of the 47 invited researchers participated in Round 1 of the e-Delphi, leading to the identification of 31 research topics categorized into 7 themes. In Round 2, 22 of the 26 researchers (85%) completed the process, reaching consensus on 12 topics. These topics were grouped into six themes and linked to four areas of research: implementation, sustainability, scale-up, and de-implementation. The themes include: (1) understanding determinants, (2) matching strategies to determinants, (3) implementation strategies, (4) measuring implementation outcomes, (5) theories, models and frameworks, and (6) research designs. The survey of 74 practitioners revealed 230 implementation knowledge gaps, which were then triangulated with the e-Delphi results, highlighting specific research topics that emphasize implementation capacity and the need for pragmatic tools to enhance evidence-based implementation in practice. CONCLUSIONS: By integrating insights from both implementation researchers and practitioners, the research agenda addresses topics that are relevant to both fields. Recommendations were made to advance the scientific field and improve implementation practice. This research agenda can guide research coordination and policymaking, aiming to consolidate research efforts in the Netherlands.

Authors 10

1. Femke van Nassau corresponding

   Amsterdam Public Health · Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam

   Affiliation as printed

   Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. f.vannassau@amsterdamumc.nl

2. Anouk Driessen

   Amsterdam Public Health · Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam

   Affiliation as printed

   Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands

3. Leti van Bodegom‐Vos Aachen Department of Biomedical Data Sciences

   Leiden University Medical Center

   Affiliation as printed

   Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands

4. Bethany Hipple Walters

   Trimbos Institute

   Affiliation as printed

   Centre for Implementation, the Trimbos Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands

5. Erwin Ista

   Erasmus MC · Erasmus University Rotterdam

   Affiliation as printed

   Department of Internal Medicine, Division Nursing Science, Erasmus MC, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

6. Wouter Keijser
   Affiliation as printed

   DIRMI Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands

7. Rianne van der Kleij – van der Sluis Aachen Department of Public Health and Primary Care

   Leiden University Medical Center

   Affiliation as printed

   Department of Public Health & Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands

8. Gera A. Welker

   University Medical Center Groningen · University of Groningen

   Affiliation as printed

   UMC Staff Policy and Management Support, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

9. Michel Wensing

   University Hospital Heidelberg

   Affiliation as printed

   Department of General Practice and Health Services Research, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 130.3, Heidelberg, Germany

10. Christiaan Vis

    Amsterdam Public Health · Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam

    Affiliation as printed

    Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands