The relationship between accretion and ionized ejection among young stellar objects in the Coronet cluster

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol. 546

Abstract

ABSTRACT We present results from a coordinated, multi-epoch near-infrared and centimetre radio survey of young stellar objects (YSOs) in the Coronet, aimed at probing the connection between mass accretion and ionised mass-loss. Using VLT-KMOS, we detect Br$\gamma$ emission in 5 of the 26 targets, which also exhibit 3.3-cm continuum emission in VLA images, consistent with partially ionised jets. For seven additional sources, stringent flux upper limits were obtained. The derived accretion and ionized mass-loss rates for class i and class ii YSOs follow a sublinear correlation $\dot{M}_{\mathrm{ion}} \propto \dot{M}_{\mathrm{acc}}^{0.3}$, consistent with previous results for class ii YSOs but extended here to earlier stages. Multi-epoch observations reveal modest variability in both tracers but no clear temporal correlation between accretion and ejection within time-scales of a few months. The ratio $\dot{M}_{\mathrm{ion}}/\dot{M}_{\mathrm{acc}}$ shows an anticorrelation with $\dot{M}_{\mathrm{acc}}$, increasing with time from class i YSOs to class ii YSOs, suggesting an increase in jet-launching efficiency or ionization fraction with evolution. These findings support a direct connection between accretion and outflow across the $\sim$ Myr time-scale of YSO evolution, while highlighting the complexity of their short-term interplay.

Authors 10

1. Arpan Ghosh corresponding

   Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México

   Affiliation as printed

   Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Radioastronomía y Astrofísica , 58090 Morelia, Michoacán ,

2. Roberto Galván-Madrid

   Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México

   Affiliation as printed

   Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Radioastronomía y Astrofísica , 58090 Morelia, Michoacán ,

3. Johanan Ramírez-Arellano

   Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México

   Affiliation as printed

   Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Radioastronomía y Astrofísica , 58090 Morelia, Michoacán ,

4. Carlos Carrasco‐González

   Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México

   Affiliation as printed

   Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Radioastronomía y Astrofísica , 58090 Morelia, Michoacán ,

5. G. Costigan Aachen Grünenthal GmbH

   Grünenthal Group (Germany)

   Affiliation as printed

   Grünenthal GmbH , Aachen ,

6. Suzanne K. Ramsay

   European Southern Observatory

   Affiliation as printed

   European Southern Observatory , Karl-Schwarzschild-Strasse 2, D-85748 Garching bei München ,

7. Carlo Felice Manara

   European Southern Observatory

   Affiliation as printed

   European Southern Observatory , Karl-Schwarzschild-Strasse 2, D-85748 Garching bei München ,

8. Jan Forbrich

   University of Hertfordshire

   Affiliation as printed

   Centre for Astrophysics Research, University of Hertfordshire , College Lane, Hatfield AL10 9AB ,

9. Hauyu Baobab Liu

   National Taiwan Normal University · National Sun Yat-sen University

   Affiliation as printed

   Center of Astronomy and Gravitation, National Taiwan Normal University , Taipei 116 ,

   National Sun Yat-Sen University Department of Physics, , No. 70, Lien-Hai Road, Kaohsiung City 80424 ,

10. Michihiro Takami

    Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Academia Sinica · Academia Sinica

    Affiliation as printed

    Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Academia Sinica , 11F Astronomy-Mathematics Building, No.1, Section 4, Roosevelt Rd, Taipei 10617 ,