Toward Modality- and Sampling-Universal Learning Strategies for Accelerating Cardiovascular Imaging: Summary of the CMRxRecon2024 Challenge
IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging, vol. 45, pp. 1872–1887
Abstract
Cardiovascular health is vital to human well-being, and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging is considered the clinical reference standard for diagnosing cardiovascular disease. However, its adoption is hindered by long scan times, complex contrasts, and inconsistent quality. While deep learning methods perform well on specific CMR imaging sequences, they often fail to generalize across modalities and sampling schemes. The lack of benchmarks for high-quality, fast CMR image reconstruction further limits technology comparison and adoption. The CMRxRecon2024 challenge, attracting over 200 teams from 18 countries, addressed these issues with two tasks: generalization to unseen modalities and robustness to diverse undersampling patterns. We introduced the largest public multi-modality CMR raw dataset, an open benchmarking platform, and shared code. Analysis of the best-performing solutions revealed that prompt-based adaptation and enhanced physics-driven consistency enabled strong cross-scenario performance. These findings establish principles for generalizable reconstruction models and advance clinically translatable AI in cardiovascular imaging.
Authors 54
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Fudan University · Pudong Medical Center
Affiliation as printed
Human Phenome Institute, Human Phenome Institute and Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
Shanghai Pudong Hospital and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Affiliation as printed
Bioengineering Department and Imperial-X, Imperial College London, London, U.K
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Shanghai Jiao Tong University · Ruijin Hospital
Affiliation as printed
Department of Radiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
Department of Radiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Harvard University · Yantai University · Mass General Brigham
Affiliation as printed
School of Computer and Control Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai, China
Mass General Brigham, Harvard Medical School, MA, U.S.A
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Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University · Fudan University
Affiliation as printed
Canon Medical Systems (China) Company Ltd., Beijing, China
Digital Medical Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
School of Basic Medical Sciences, Digital Medical Research Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Fudan University · Pudong Medical Center
Affiliation as printed
Human Phenome Institute and Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
Human Phenomics Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Affiliation as printed
Department of Electronic Science, Xiamen University-Neusoft Medical Magnetic Resonance Imaging Joint Research and Development Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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Xiamen University · Imperial College London
Affiliation as printed
Bioengineering Department and Imperial-X, Imperial College London, London, U.K
Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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Royal Brompton Hospital · Imperial College London
Affiliation as printed
Computing Department, Imperial College London, London, U.K
Computing Department, Imperial College London, London, U.K and the Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Unit, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, U.K
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Fudan University · Pudong Medical Center
Affiliation as printed
Human Phenome Institute and Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
School of Computer Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Affiliation as printed
Bioengineering Department and Imperial-X, Imperial College London, London, U.K
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Affiliation as printed
Bioengineering Department and Imperial-X, Imperial College London, London, U.K
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Xiamen University · Imperial College London
Affiliation as printed
Bioengineering Department and Imperial-X, Imperial College London, London, U.K
Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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Affiliation as printed
Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
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Fudan University · Pudong Medical Center
Affiliation as printed
Human Phenome Institute and Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
Human Phenomics Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Fudan University · Pudong Medical Center
Affiliation as printed
Human Phenome Institute and Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
Human Phenomics Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Fudan University · Children's Hospital of Fudan University
Affiliation as printed
Radiology Department, Children’s Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Affiliation as printed
Shanghai Fuying Medical Technology Company Ltd., Shanghai, China
Shanghai Fuying Medical Technology Co., Ltd, China
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Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey
Affiliation as printed
Department of Computer Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
Department of Computer Science, Rutgers University-New Brunswick, New Jersey, U.S.A
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Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey
Affiliation as printed
Department of Computer Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
Department of Computer Science, Rutgers University-New Brunswick, New Jersey, U.S.A
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Fudan University · Shahid Beheshti University
Affiliation as printed
School of Computer Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
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Fudan University · Shahid Beheshti University
Affiliation as printed
School of Computer Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
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The Netherlands Cancer Institute
Affiliation as printed
The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, CX, The Netherlands
Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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The Netherlands Cancer Institute
Affiliation as printed
The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, CX, The Netherlands
Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University · Fudan University
Affiliation as printed
Canon Medical Systems (China) Company Ltd., Beijing, China
Digital Medical Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
Canon Medical Systems (China) Co., Ltd, Beijing, China
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Stanford Medicine · Stanford University
Affiliation as printed
Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
Department of Radiology, Stanford University, California, U.S.A
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Stanford Medicine · Stanford University
Affiliation as printed
Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
Department of Radiology, Stanford University, California, U.S.A
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Affiliation as printed
School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Affiliation as printed
School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Affiliation as printed
Computer Engineering Department, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Türkiye
Computer Engineering Department, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Affiliation as printed
Computer Engineering Department, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Türkiye
Computer Engineering Department, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Leiden University Medical Center
Affiliation as printed
Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, ZG, The Netherlands
Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
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University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
Affiliation as printed
School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Sichuan, China
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Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics · Huazhong University of Science and Technology
Affiliation as printed
Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
Affiliation as printed
School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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Sunnybrook Health Science Centre · University of Toronto · Sunnybrook Research Institute
Affiliation as printed
Department of Medical Biophysics and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
Department of Medical Biophysics and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto and Sunnybrook Research Institution, Toronto, Canada
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Shanghai Jiao Tong University · Renji Hospital
Affiliation as printed
Department of Radiology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Shanghai Jiao Tong University · Ruijin Hospital
Affiliation as printed
Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart Failure Center, Ruijin Hospital Lu Wan Branch, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University · Fudan University
Affiliation as printed
Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Chinese University of Hong Kong
Affiliation as printed
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Affiliation as printed
School of Data Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Delft University of Technology
Affiliation as printed
Department of Imaging Physics, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
Department of Imaging Physics, Delft University of Technology, Netherlands
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Affiliation as printed
Department of Computing, Imperial College London, London, U.K
Department of Computing & Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, U.K
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Hong Kong Polytechnic University
Affiliation as printed
School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
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Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University · Shanghai Jiao Tong University · Fudan University · Ruijin Hospital
Affiliation as printed
Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart Failure Center, Ruijin Hospital Lu Wan Branch, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
Affiliation as printed
School of Engineering and the iHEALTH Millenium Institute, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Affiliation as printed
Department of Radiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
Department of Radiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, U.S.A
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Affiliation as printed
School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, London, U.K
School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, U.K
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Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University · Shanghai Jiao Tong University · Fudan University · Ruijin Hospital
Affiliation as printed
Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart Failure Center, Ruijin Hospital Lu Wan Branch, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Fudan University · Children's Hospital of Fudan University
Affiliation as printed
Radiology Department, Children’s Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Sunnybrook Health Science Centre · Shanghai Jiao Tong University · Renji Hospital · Sunnybrook Research Institute
Affiliation as printed
Sunnybrook Research Institution, Toronto, Canada
Department of Radiology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Xiamen University · First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University
Affiliation as printed
Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Xiamen University-Neusoft Medical Magnetic Resonance Imaging Joint Research and Development Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University; the Department of Electronic Science, Xiamen University-Neusoft Medical Magnetic Resonance Imaging Joint Research and Development Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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Royal Brompton Hospital · Imperial College London
Affiliation as printed
Bioengineering Department and Imperial-X, Imperial College London, London, U.K
Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Unit, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, U.K
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Fudan University · Pudong Medical Center
Affiliation as printed
Human Phenome Institute, Human Phenome Institute and Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
Shanghai Pudong Hospital and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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