Burn‐Safe Biodegradable Magnetocaloric Composites for Temperature‐Controlled Biomedical Applications

Advanced Science, vol. 13, pp. e09914

Abstract

Abstract Magnetothermal stimulation is key in biomedical applications like tumor ablation, drug delivery, and regenerative therapies. A common method involves injecting magnetic particles that heat under an alternating magnetic field (AMF). However, uncontrolled heating can damage healthy tissues. Maintaining temperatures below 45 °C is critical. Using materials with a Curie temperature ( T c ) near this limit offers a self‐regulating solution, as magnetization—and thus heating—drops sharply at T c . This study explores Mn 0.65 Fe 1.30 P 0.65 Si 0.37 (MCM), a magnetocaloric material composed of non‐toxic elements and featuring a tunable T c . It is engineered to exhibit a T c of 43 °C, close to the safe physiological threshold. MCM particles are encapsulated in a wax matrix to form a composite that responds to AMF exposure. Heat generated by MCM particles triggers the wax phase transition, while the obtained T c enables the composite to achieve self‐limiting thermal regulation under magnetic field exposure. Biocompatibility tests using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) show over 90% cell viability in direct and indirect contact. Stability tests in phosphate buffers at 37 °C confirm controlled degradation over 28 days. These results demonstrate that MCM is a promising, burn‐free magnetic material for safe, localized heating, supporting its use in self‐regulating, temperature‐responsive biomedical systems.

Authors 9

1. Pornpawee Uliss

   Delft University of Technology

   Affiliation as printed

   Faculty of Electrical Engineering Mathematics and Computer Science (EEMCS) Department of Microelectronics (ME), Electronic Components, Technology and Materials (ECTM) Delft University of Technology Delft 2628 CD The Netherlands

2. Vasiliki Gkouzioti Aachen Department of Neurology

   Leiden University Medical Center · Delft University of Technology

   Affiliation as printed

   Department of Neurology and Department of Human Genetics Leiden University Medical Center Leiden 2333 ZC The Netherlands

   Faculty of Applied Sciences Department of Radiation Science and Technology (RST) Fundamental Aspects of Materials and Energy (FAME) Delft University of Technology Delft 2628 CD The Netherlands

3. Wuliji Hanggai

   Delft University of Technology

   Affiliation as printed

   Faculty of Applied Sciences Department of Radiation Science and Technology (RST) Fundamental Aspects of Materials and Energy (FAME) Delft University of Technology Delft 2628 CD The Netherlands

   Faculty of Electrical Engineering Mathematics and Computer Science (EEMCS) Department of Microelectronics (ME), Electronic Components, Technology and Materials (ECTM) Delft University of Technology Delft 2628 CD The Netherlands

4. Friso Kahler

   Delft University of Technology

   Affiliation as printed

   Faculty of Electrical Engineering Mathematics and Computer Science (EEMCS) Department of Microelectronics (ME), Electronic Components, Technology and Materials (ECTM) Delft University of Technology Delft 2628 CD The Netherlands

5. Elena Aprea

   Delft University of Technology

   Affiliation as printed

   Faculty of Electrical Engineering Mathematics and Computer Science (EEMCS) Department of Microelectronics (ME), Electronic Components, Technology and Materials (ECTM) Delft University of Technology Delft 2628 CD The Netherlands

   Faculty of Applied Sciences Department of Radiation Science and Technology (RST) Applied Radiation and Isotopes (ARI) Delft University of Technology Delft 2628 CD The Netherlands

6. Qi Jia Aachen Department of Neurology

   Leiden University Medical Center · Delft University of Technology

   Affiliation as printed

   Faculty of Applied Sciences Department of Radiation Science and Technology (RST) Applied Radiation and Isotopes (ARI) Delft University of Technology Delft 2628 CD The Netherlands

   Department of Neurology and Department of Human Genetics Leiden University Medical Center Leiden 2333 ZC The Netherlands

7. Jean‐Philippe Frimat Aachen Department of Neurology

   Leiden University Medical Center

   Affiliation as printed

   Department of Neurology and Department of Human Genetics Leiden University Medical Center Leiden 2333 ZC The Netherlands

8. E. Brück

   Delft University of Technology

   Affiliation as printed

   Faculty of Applied Sciences Department of Radiation Science and Technology (RST) Fundamental Aspects of Materials and Energy (FAME) Delft University of Technology Delft 2628 CD The Netherlands

9. Clémentine M. Boutry corresponding

   Delft University of Technology

   Affiliation as printed

   Faculty of Electrical Engineering Mathematics and Computer Science (EEMCS) Department of Microelectronics (ME), Electronic Components, Technology and Materials (ECTM) Delft University of Technology Delft 2628 CD The Netherlands