Selective interoception impairments and treatment effects in Borderline Personality Disorder

medRxiv

Abstract

Abstract Background Patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) suffer from severe emotional dysregulation and disturbances in body image and self-perception. Interoception, the processing and perception of internal body signals, is closely linked to emotional processing, but it remains unclear whether BPD impairs specific interoceptive facets and how these deficits respond to treatment. Methods We investigated the two key interoceptive facets, accuracy and attention, in 55 BPD patients and 31 healthy controls (HC) using self-report and objective measures before and after four-week residential Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT). Interoceptive accuracy and its metacognitive awareness were evaluated using a heartbeat discrimination task, while interoceptive attention was measured through questionnaires, intensity ratings, and both uni- and multivariate neural responses during a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) interoceptive attention task. Results Before DBT, BPD patients showed reduced self-reported interoceptive attention, which was associated with more interpersonal problems. Patients further exhibited higher similarity in activity patterns evoked by cardiac interoceptive and exteroceptive attention in the insular and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex. There were no significant group differences in behavioral or self-reported interoceptive accuracy or metacognitive awareness. However, behavioral interoceptive accuracy was impaired in BPD patients with more severe symptoms. After four-week residential DBT, self-reported interoceptive attention significantly improved, while other interoceptive facets showed no significant changes. Conclusions BPD involves disturbances in specific interoceptive facets that respond differently to treatment. Our findings support multifaceted assessments of interoception and the potential benefit of interoceptive attention training for all BPD patients, with additional accuracy training in more severe cases.

Authors 7

1. Jella Voelter corresponding

   Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg

   Affiliation as printed

   University of Oldenburg;

2. Danilo Postin

   Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg

   Affiliation as printed

   University of Oldenburg;

3. Mandy Roheger

   Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg

   Affiliation as printed

   University of Oldenburg;

4. André Schulz

   University of Luxembourg

   Affiliation as printed

   Department of Behavioral and Cognitive Sciences, University of Luxembourg;

5. Robin Bekrater‐Bodmann Aachen

   Universitätsklinikum Aachen

   Affiliation as printed

   Uniklinik RWTH Aachen;

6. René Hurlemann

   Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg

   Affiliation as printed

   University of Oldenburg;

7. Dirk Scheele

   Ruhr University Bochum

   Affiliation as printed

   Ruhr University Bochum