Transdiagnostic alterations in white matter microstructure associated with suicidal thoughts and behaviours in the ENIGMA Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviours consortium
Translational Psychiatry, vol. 15, pp. 429
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested that alterations in white matter (WM) microstructure are implicated in suicidal thoughts and behaviours (STBs). However, findings of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) studies have been inconsistent. In this large-scale mega-analysis conducted by the ENIGMA Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviours (ENIGMA-STB) consortium, we examined WM alterations associated with STBs. Data processing was standardised across sites, and resulting WM microstructure measures (fractional anisotropy (FA), axial diffusivity (AD), mean diffusivity and radial diffusivity) for 24 WM tracts and one global measure were pooled across 40 cohorts. We compared these measures among individuals with a psychiatric diagnosis and lifetime history of suicide attempt (n = 652; mean age = 35.4 ± 14.7; female = 71.8%), individuals with a psychiatric diagnosis but no STB (i.e., clinical controls; n = 1871; mean age = 34 ± 14.8; female = 59.8%), and individuals with no psychiatric diagnosis and no STB (i.e., healthy controls; n = 642; mean age = 29.6 ± 13.1; female = 62.9%). We also compared these measures among individuals with recent suicidal ideation (n = 714; mean age = 36.3 ± 15.3; female = 66.1%), clinical controls (n = 1184; mean age = 36.8 ± 15.6; female = 63.1%), and healthy controls (n = 1240; mean age = 31.6 ± 15.5; female = 61.0%). We found subtle but statistically significant effects, such as lower FA associated with a history of suicide attempt, over and above the effect of psychiatric diagnoses. These effects were strongest in the corona radiata, thalamic radiation, fornix/stria terminalis, corpus callosum and superior longitudinal fasciculus. Recent suicidal ideation was associated with higher AD in the cingulum. Effect sizes were small (partial eta-squared < 0.015). This large-scale coordinated mega-analysis revealed subtle regional and global alterations in WM microstructure in individuals with a history of suicide attempt and recent suicidal ideation. Longitudinal studies are needed to confirm whether these alterations are a risk factor for suicidal behaviour or ideation.
Authors 99
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Laura S. van Velzen corresponding
The University of Melbourne · Yale University · Orygen · Jena University Hospital · Deutsches Zentrum für Psychische Gesundheit
Affiliation as printed
Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. laurasvanvelzen@gmail.com
Orygen, Parkville, VIC, Australia. laurasvanvelzen@gmail.com
DZPG (German Center for Mental Health), partner site Halle/Jena/Magdeburg, Halle/Jena/Magdeburg, Germany
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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The University of Queensland · QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute · Yale University · Jena University Hospital · Deutsches Zentrum für Psychische Gesundheit
Affiliation as printed
DZPG (German Center for Mental Health), partner site Halle/Jena/Magdeburg, Halle/Jena/Magdeburg, Germany
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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The University of Queensland · QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute · University of Cambridge · University of Birmingham
Affiliation as printed
QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
Institute for Mental Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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University of Cambridge · Yale University · University of Birmingham
Affiliation as printed
Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
Institute for Mental Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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The University of Melbourne · Yale University
Affiliation as printed
Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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The University of Melbourne · Orygen
Affiliation as printed
Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Orygen, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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The University of Melbourne · Orygen · Erasmus University Rotterdam
Affiliation as printed
Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
Orygen, Parkville, VIC, Australia
Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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University of Southern California · Deakin University · The University of Melbourne
Affiliation as printed
Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
School of Psychology, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
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University of Southern California · The University of Queensland · QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute
Affiliation as printed
Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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University of Southern California · The University of Queensland · Regeneron (United States) · QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute
Affiliation as printed
QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
Regeneron Genetics Center, Tarrytown, NY, USA
School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
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University of Southern California · Dalhousie University
Affiliation as printed
Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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Dalhousie University · University of Oslo · Region Stockholm · Karolinska Institutet · Stockholm Health Care Services
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Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Philipps University of Marburg · University of Oslo · Region Stockholm · Karolinska Institutet · Diakonhjemmet Hospital · Stockholm Health Care Services
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Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
Center for Mind, Brain, and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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Universidad de Cantabria · Philipps University of Marburg · Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital · Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla
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Center for Mind, Brain, and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
Department of Psychiatry. Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, IDIVAL, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
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National Institutes of Health · Universidad de Cantabria · Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital · Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla · National Institute of Mental Health
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Department of Psychiatry. Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, IDIVAL, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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National Institutes of Health · Fondazione Santa Lucia · National Institute of Mental Health
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Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Clinical Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation Department, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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University of Münster · Fondazione Santa Lucia
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Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Clinical Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation Department, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy
Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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University of Minnesota · University of Münster
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Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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University of Minnesota · University Hospital Münster
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Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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University Hospital Münster · IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele · Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico San Raffaele
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Clinic for Radiology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
Division of Neuroscience, Psychiatry and Psychobiology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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University of Münster · IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele · Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico San Raffaele
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Division of Neuroscience, Psychiatry and Psychobiology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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University of Münster · Jena University Hospital · Deutsches Zentrum für Psychische Gesundheit
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Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
DZPG (German Center for Mental Health), partner site Halle/Jena/Magdeburg, Halle/Jena/Magdeburg, Germany
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
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Philipps University of Marburg · Jena University Hospital · Deutsches Zentrum für Psychische Gesundheit
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DZPG (German Center for Mental Health), partner site Halle/Jena/Magdeburg, Halle/Jena/Magdeburg, Germany
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
Center for Mind, Brain, and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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Feinstein Institute for Medical Research · Philipps University of Marburg · Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla · Universidad de Sevilla
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Center for Mind, Brain, and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
Institute of Behavioral Sciences, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS)/HUVR/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla. CIBERSAM (ISCIII), Seville, Spain
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Region Stockholm · Karolinska Institutet · Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla · Stockholm Health Care Services · Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío · Universidad de Sevilla
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Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS)/HUVR/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla. CIBERSAM (ISCIII), Seville, Spain
Mental Health Service, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain
Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
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Uppsala University · Inserm · Université Paris-Saclay · Region Stockholm · Karolinska Institutet · Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris · Centre de recherche en Epidémiologie et Santé des Populations · Stockholm Health Care Services · Bicêtre Hospital
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Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
Department of Medical Sciences, Psychiatry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
MOODS Team, INSERM 1018, CESP, Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Saclay, Service Hospitalo-Universitaire de Psychiatrie de Bicêtre, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Saclay, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, F-94275, France
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Florida State University · Inserm · Université Paris-Saclay · Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris · Centre de recherche en Epidémiologie et Santé des Populations · Bicêtre Hospital
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MOODS Team, INSERM 1018, CESP, Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Saclay, Service Hospitalo-Universitaire de Psychiatrie de Bicêtre, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Saclay, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, F-94275, France
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
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Florida State University · Inserm · Université Paris-Saclay · Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris · Centre de recherche en Epidémiologie et Santé des Populations · Bicêtre Hospital
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Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
MOODS Team, INSERM 1018, CESP, Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Saclay, Service Hospitalo-Universitaire de Psychiatrie de Bicêtre, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Saclay, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, F-94275, France
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Inserm · Université Paris-Saclay · Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris · Centre de recherche en Epidémiologie et Santé des Populations · Hôpital Lapeyronie · Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle · Bicêtre Hospital
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MOODS Team, INSERM 1018, CESP, Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Saclay, Service Hospitalo-Universitaire de Psychiatrie de Bicêtre, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Saclay, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, F-94275, France
Department of Emergency Psychiatry and Acute Care, Lapeyronie Hospital, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
IGF, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies du numérique · Inserm · The University of Queensland · Sorbonne Université · Institut des Sciences Moléculaires · Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris · Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital · Hôpital Lapeyronie · Institut du Cerveau · Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle · Institute for Molecular Bioscience
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Department of Emergency Psychiatry and Acute Care, Lapeyronie Hospital, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
IGF, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
Institute for Molecular Bioscience, the University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
Sorbonne University, Paris Brain Institute - ICM, CNRS, Inria, Inserm, AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, F-75013, Paris, France
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies du numérique · Inserm · The University of Queensland · Sorbonne Université · Institut des Sciences Moléculaires · Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris · Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital · Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla · Institut du Cerveau · Institute for Molecular Bioscience · Universidad de Sevilla
Affiliation as printed
Institute for Molecular Bioscience, the University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
Sorbonne University, Paris Brain Institute - ICM, CNRS, Inria, Inserm, AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, F-75013, Paris, France
Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS)/HUVR/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla. CIBERSAM (ISCIII), Seville, Spain
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University of Minnesota · Instituto de Salud Carlos III · Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental · Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla · Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío · Universidad de Sevilla
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Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS)/HUVR/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla. CIBERSAM (ISCIII), Seville, Spain
Mental Health Service, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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University of Minnesota · University of Münster
Affiliation as printed
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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Université de Montpellier · University of Münster · Hôpital Gui de Chauliac
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Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
Department of Neuroradiology, Gui de Chauliac Hospital and University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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University of California, Los Angeles · Université de Montpellier · Universidad de Antioquia · Hôpital Gui de Chauliac
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Department of Neuroradiology, Gui de Chauliac Hospital and University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
Institut d'Imagerie Fonctionnelle Humaine, I2FH, Department of Neuroradiology, Gui de Chauliac Hospital and University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics,Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Behavior David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
Research Group in Psychiatry GIPSI, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
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Dalhousie University · University of California, Los Angeles · Universidad de Antioquia
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Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics,Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Behavior David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
Research Group in Psychiatry GIPSI, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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Dalhousie University · National Institutes of Health · National Institute of Mental Health
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Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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National Institutes of Health · Emory University · National Institute of Mental Health
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Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Emory University · University of Münster
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Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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University of Colorado Boulder · University of Münster
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Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
Institute for Behavioral Genetics and Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
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University of Colorado Boulder · Stanford University
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Institute for Behavioral Genetics and Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
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University of Cape Town · Stanford University
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Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
Department of Psychiatry & Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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University of Cape Town · University of Münster
Affiliation as printed
Department of Psychiatry & Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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Dalhousie University · University of Münster
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Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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Dalhousie University · Washington University in St. Louis
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Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Washington University in St. Louis · University of Münster
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Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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The University of Sydney · University of Münster
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Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Kanazawa University · University of Fukui · The University of Sydney · Hamamatsu University · Chiba University · The University of Osaka
Affiliation as printed
The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
Research Center for Child Mental Development, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University, Chiba University and University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
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Kanazawa University · University of Fukui · Hamamatsu University · Chiba University · University of California, Los Angeles · The University of Osaka
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Research Center for Child Mental Development, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University, Chiba University and University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Chiba University · University of California, Los Angeles
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Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
Research Center for Child Mental Development, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
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The University of Sydney · Chiba University
Affiliation as printed
Department of Cognitive Behavioral Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
Research Center for Child Mental Development, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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The University of Sydney · University of Cape Town
Affiliation as printed
The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
Department of Psychiatry & Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Kanazawa University · University of Fukui · Hamamatsu University · University of Cape Town · Chiba University · The University of Osaka
Affiliation as printed
Department of Psychiatry & Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
Research Center for Child Mental Development, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University, Chiba University and University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
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Kanazawa University · University of Fukui · Hamamatsu University · Chiba University · Østfold University of Applied Sciences · The University of Osaka
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Research Center for Child Mental Development, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University, Chiba University and University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
Østfold University College Department of Education, ICT and Learning, Halden, Norway
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Østfold University of Applied Sciences · Université Paris-Saclay · Hôpital Paul-Brousse · McGill University · Universidade Federal de São Paulo
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Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
Østfold University College Department of Education, ICT and Learning, Halden, Norway
Clinical Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, Paul Brousse Hospital, APHP, Villejuif, France
Department of psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
Faculty of Medicine, University Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicetre, France
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Philipps University of Marburg · Université Paris-Saclay · Hôpital Paul-Brousse · McGill University
Affiliation as printed
Clinical Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, Paul Brousse Hospital, APHP, Villejuif, France
Department of psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
Faculty of Medicine, University Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicetre, France
Center for Mind, Brain, and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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Philipps University of Marburg · University of Münster
Affiliation as printed
Center for Mind, Brain, and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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University of Cape Town · University of Münster
Affiliation as printed
Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
Department of Psychiatry & Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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University of Cape Town · University of Münster
Affiliation as printed
Department of Psychiatry & Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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Philipps University of Marburg · University of Münster
Affiliation as printed
Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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Philipps University of Marburg · University of Münster · University Hospital Bonn
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Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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University of Münster · The University of Texas at Austin
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Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
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Universidad de Antioquia · Jena University Hospital · Deutsches Zentrum für Psychische Gesundheit
Affiliation as printed
DZPG (German Center for Mental Health), partner site Halle/Jena/Magdeburg, Halle/Jena/Magdeburg, Germany
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
Research Group in Psychiatry GIPSI, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
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University of Oslo · The University of Texas at Austin
Affiliation as printed
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Universidad de Antioquia · University of Edinburgh
Affiliation as printed
Research Group in Psychiatry GIPSI, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Harvard University · Western Norway University of Applied Sciences · University of Oregon · University of Oslo
Affiliation as printed
Department of Health and Functioning, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway
Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
Ballmer Institute for Children's Behavioral Health, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
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Dalhousie University · University of Edinburgh
Affiliation as printed
Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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Harvard University · University of Oregon · University of Münster
Affiliation as printed
Ballmer Institute for Children's Behavioral Health, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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Dalhousie University · IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele · Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico San Raffaele
Affiliation as printed
Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
Division of Neuroscience, Psychiatry and Psychobiology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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University of Münster · UNSW Sydney
Affiliation as printed
Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele · Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico San Raffaele · The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
Affiliation as printed
Division of Neuroscience, Psychiatry and Psychobiology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
UTHealth Houston School of Behavioral Health Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
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Philipps University of Marburg · UNSW Sydney
Affiliation as printed
Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
Center for Mind, Brain, and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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University of Oslo · Diakonhjemmet Hospital · The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
Affiliation as printed
Louis A. Faillace, MD, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
UTHealth Houston School of Behavioral Health Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Inserm · Philipps University of Marburg · Hôpital Lapeyronie · Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle
Affiliation as printed
Center for Mind, Brain, and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
Department of Emergency Psychiatry and Acute Care, Lapeyronie Hospital, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
IGF, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
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University of Oslo · Diakonhjemmet Hospital · Universidade Federal de São Paulo
Affiliation as printed
Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Inserm · Hôpital Lapeyronie · Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle · Université de Nîmes
Affiliation as printed
Department of Emergency Psychiatry and Acute Care, Lapeyronie Hospital, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
IGF, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
MIPA, Université de Nîmes, Nimes, France
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Universidad de Cantabria · Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital · Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla · Fondazione Santa Lucia
Affiliation as printed
Department of Psychiatry. Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, IDIVAL, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Clinical Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation Department, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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Fondazione Santa Lucia · Universidade Federal de São Paulo
Affiliation as printed
Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Clinical Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation Department, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nîmes · IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele · Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico San Raffaele · Université de Nîmes
Affiliation as printed
Division for clinical research and innovation, University Hospital Center of Nimes, Nimes, France
MIPA, Université de Nîmes, Nimes, France
Division of Neuroscience, Psychiatry and Psychobiology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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University of Colorado Boulder · Fondazione Santa Lucia
Affiliation as printed
Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Clinical Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation Department, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy
Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
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UNSW Sydney · Fondazione Santa Lucia
Affiliation as printed
Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Clinical Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation Department, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy
Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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University of Cambridge · IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele · Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla · Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico San Raffaele · Universidad de Sevilla
Affiliation as printed
Division of Neuroscience, Psychiatry and Psychobiology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS)/HUVR/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla. CIBERSAM (ISCIII), Seville, Spain
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Harvard University · University of Colorado Boulder · Massachusetts General Hospital
Affiliation as printed
Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
Meditation Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul · UNSW Sydney · Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre · Child Mind Institute
Affiliation as printed
Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
Child Mind Institute, New York, NY, USA
Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre - Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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University of Aberdeen · University of Cambridge · Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla · Universidad de Sevilla
Affiliation as printed
Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS)/HUVR/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla. CIBERSAM (ISCIII), Seville, Spain
Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
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Harvard University · Karolinska Institutet · Massachusetts General Hospital
Affiliation as printed
Meditation Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Kanazawa University · University of Fukui · Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul · Hamamatsu University · Chiba University · Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre · Child Mind Institute · The University of Osaka
Affiliation as printed
Child Mind Institute, New York, NY, USA
Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre - Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
Research Center for Child Mental Development, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University, Chiba University and University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
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University of Colorado Boulder · University of Aberdeen
Affiliation as printed
Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
Institute for Cognitive Science, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
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Region Stockholm · Karolinska Institutet · Stockholm Health Care Services · The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
Affiliation as printed
Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
UTHealth Houston School of Behavioral Health Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
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Kanazawa University · University of Fukui · Hamamatsu University · Chiba University · University of Dundee · The University of Osaka
Affiliation as printed
Department of Cognitive Behavioral Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
Research Center for Child Mental Development, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University, Chiba University and University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
Division of Imaging Science and Technology, Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
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Philipps University of Marburg · University of Colorado Boulder
Affiliation as printed
Institute for Cognitive Science, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
Center for Mind, Brain, and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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South African Medical Research Council · University of Cape Town · The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
Affiliation as printed
Louis A. Faillace, MD, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
UTHealth Houston School of Behavioral Health Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
SAMRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry & Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Philipps University of Marburg · University of Dundee
Affiliation as printed
Division of Imaging Science and Technology, Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
Center for Mind, Brain, and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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Philipps University of Marburg
Affiliation as printed
Center for Mind, Brain, and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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South African Medical Research Council · University of Cape Town · Philipps University of Marburg
Affiliation as printed
SAMRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry & Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
Center for Mind, Brain, and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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Philipps University of Marburg
Affiliation as printed
Center for Mind, Brain, and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Inserm · Philipps University of Marburg · Sorbonne Université · Institut du Cerveau
Affiliation as printed
Center for Mind, Brain, and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
Centre de Neuro-Imagerie de Recherche, CENIR, ICM, Paris, France
Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
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Philipps University of Marburg · Universidad de Antioquia
Affiliation as printed
Center for Mind, Brain, and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
Research Group in Psychiatry GIPSI, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
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Philipps University of Marburg
Affiliation as printed
Center for Mind, Brain, and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
Center for Intervention and Research on adaptive and maladaptive brain Circuits underlying mental health (C-I-R-C), Jena-Magdeburg-Halle, Jena, Germany