A Cold and Superpuffy Planet on a Prograde Orbit

The Astrophysical Journal Letters, vol. 996, pp. L13

Abstract

Abstract We report the discovery of TOI-4507 b, a transiting sub-Saturn with a density <0.2 g cm −3 on a 105 days prograde orbit around a 700 Myr old F star. The transits were detected using data from TESS as well as the Antarctic telescope ASTEP. A joint analysis of the light curves and radial velocities from HARPS, FEROS, and CORALIE confirmed the planetary nature of the signal, by limiting the mass to be below 20 M ⊕ at 95% confidence. The radial velocities also exhibit the Rossiter–McLaughlin effect and imply that the planet orbits the star in a prograde orbit with a sky-projected obliquity λ = − 15 − 44 + 50 ° (∣ λ ∣ < 80° at 3 σ ). With these characteristics, TOI-4507 is one of the longest-period systems for which the stellar obliquity has been measured, and the planet is among the longest-period and youngest “superpuff” planets yet discovered.

Authors 39

1. Juan I. Espinoza-Retamal

   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile · Princeton University · Millennium Institute of Astrophysics

   Affiliation as printed

   Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, 4 Ivy Lane, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA; jiespinozar@princeton.edu

   Instituto de Astrofísica, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, 7820436 Macul, Santiago, Chile

   Millennium Institute for Astrophysics, Nuncio Monseñor Sotero Sanz 100, Of. 104, 7500011 Providencia, Santiago, Chile

2. Rafael Brahm

   Adolfo Ibáñez University · Millennium Institute of Astrophysics

   Affiliation as printed

   Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Av. Diagonal las Torres 2640, 7941169 Peñalolén, Santiago, Chile

   Millennium Institute for Astrophysics, Nuncio Monseñor Sotero Sanz 100, Of. 104, 7500011 Providencia, Santiago, Chile

3. Cristóbal Petrovich

   Indiana University Bloomington · Indiana University

   Affiliation as printed

   Department of Astronomy, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA

4. Andrés Jordán

   Adolfo Ibáñez University · Millennium Institute of Astrophysics · Data Observatory Foundation

   Affiliation as printed

   Data Observatory Foundation, Av. Eliodoro Yáñez 2990, 7510277 Providencia, Santiago, Chile

   Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Av. Diagonal las Torres 2640, 7941169 Peñalolén, Santiago, Chile

   Millennium Institute for Astrophysics, Nuncio Monseñor Sotero Sanz 100, Of. 104, 7500011 Providencia, Santiago, Chile

5. Thomas K. Henning

   Max Planck Institute for Astronomy

   Affiliation as printed

   Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie, Königstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany

6. Trifon Trifonov

   Heidelberg University · Max Planck Institute for Astronomy · Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski"

   Affiliation as printed

   Department of Astronomy, Sofia University “St Kliment Ohridski,” 5 James Bourchier Blvd, BG-1164 Sofia, Bulgaria

   Landessternwarte, Zentrum für Astronomie der Universität Heidelberg, Königstuhl 12, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany

   Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie, Königstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany

7. Joshua N. Winn

   Princeton University

   Affiliation as printed

   Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, 4 Ivy Lane, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA; jiespinozar@princeton.edu

8. Erika Rea

   European Space Agency · European Space Research and Technology Centre

   Affiliation as printed

   European Space Agency (ESA), European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), Keplerlaan 1, 2201 AZ Noordwijk, The Netherlands

9. Maximilian N. Günther

   European Space Agency · European Space Research and Technology Centre

   Affiliation as printed

   European Space Agency (ESA), European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), Keplerlaan 1, 2201 AZ Noordwijk, The Netherlands

10. A. Agabi

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Côte d'Azur · Lagrange Laboratory · Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur

    Affiliation as printed

    Université Côte d’Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange, CS 34229, F-06304 Nice Cedex 4, France

11. Philippe Bendjoya

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Côte d'Azur · Lagrange Laboratory · Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur

    Affiliation as printed

    Université Côte d’Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange, CS 34229, F-06304 Nice Cedex 4, France

12. Hareesh Gautham Bhaskar

    Indiana University Bloomington · Indiana University

    Affiliation as printed

    Department of Astronomy, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA

13. F. Bouchy

    University of Geneva

    Affiliation as printed

    Observatoire de Genève, Département d’Astronomie, Université de Genève, Chemin Pegasi 51b, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland

14. Márcio Catelan

    Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile · Millennium Institute of Astrophysics

    Affiliation as printed

    Instituto de Astrofísica, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, 7820436 Macul, Santiago, Chile

    Millennium Institute for Astrophysics, Nuncio Monseñor Sotero Sanz 100, Of. 104, 7500011 Providencia, Santiago, Chile

15. Carolina Charalambous

    Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile

    Affiliation as printed

    Instituto de Astrofísica, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, 7820436 Macul, Santiago, Chile

16. Vincent Deloupy

    École Normale Supérieure - PSL

    Affiliation as printed

    École Normale Supérieure, Département de Physique, Rue d’Ulm, 75005, Paris Cedex 5, France

17. George Dransfield

    University of Oxford · University of Birmingham

    Affiliation as printed

    Department of Astrophysics, University of Oxford, Denys Wilkinson Building, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK

    Magdalen College, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 4AU, UK

    School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK

18. Jan Eberhardt

    Max Planck Institute for Astronomy

    Affiliation as printed

    Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie, Königstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany

19. Néstor Espinoza corresponding

    Space Telescope Science Institute

    Affiliation as printed

    Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA

20. Alix Violet Freckelton

    University of Birmingham

    Affiliation as printed

    School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK

21. Tristan Guillot

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Côte d'Azur · Lagrange Laboratory · Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur

    Affiliation as printed

    Université Côte d’Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange, CS 34229, F-06304 Nice Cedex 4, France

22. Mélissa J. Hobson

    University of Geneva

    Affiliation as printed

    Observatoire de Genève, Département d’Astronomie, Université de Genève, Chemin Pegasi 51b, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland

23. M. I. Jones

    European Southern Observatory

    Affiliation as printed

    European Southern Observatory (ESO), Alonso de Córdova 3107, Vitacura, Casilla 19001, Santiago, Chile

24. M. Lendl

    University of Geneva

    Affiliation as printed

    Observatoire de Genève, Département d’Astronomie, Université de Genève, Chemin Pegasi 51b, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland

25. D. Mékarnia

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Côte d'Azur · Lagrange Laboratory · Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur

    Affiliation as printed

    Université Côte d’Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange, CS 34229, F-06304 Nice Cedex 4, France

26. Diego J. Muñoz

    Northern Arizona University

    Affiliation as printed

    Department of Astronomy and Planetary Science, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA

27. Louise Dyregaard Nielsen

    University of Geneva · Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München

    Affiliation as printed

    Observatoire de Genève, Département d’Astronomie, Université de Genève, Chemin Pegasi 51b, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland

    University Observatory, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Scheinerstr. 1, 81679 Munich, Germany

28. Felipe Rojas

    Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile

    Affiliation as printed

    Instituto de Astrofísica, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, 7820436 Macul, Santiago, Chile

29. F. X. Schmider

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Côte d'Azur · Lagrange Laboratory · Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur

    Affiliation as printed

    Université Côte d’Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange, CS 34229, F-06304 Nice Cedex 4, France

30. Elyar Sedaghati

    European Southern Observatory

    Affiliation as printed

    European Southern Observatory (ESO), Alonso de Córdova 3107, Vitacura, Casilla 19001, Santiago, Chile

31. Guðmundur Stefánsson

    University of Amsterdam

    Affiliation as printed

    Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands

32. Stephanie L. Striegel

    Ames Research Center · Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence

    Affiliation as printed

    NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA

    SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA

33. Olga Suárez

    Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Côte d'Azur · Lagrange Laboratory · Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur

    Affiliation as printed

    Université Côte d’Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange, CS 34229, F-06304 Nice Cedex 4, France

34. Marcelo Tala Pinto

    The Ohio State University

    Affiliation as printed

    Department of Astronomy, McPherson Laboratory, The Ohio State University, 140 W 18th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210, USA

35. Mathilde Timmermans

    University of Birmingham

    Affiliation as printed

    School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK

36. Amaury H. M. J. Triaud

    University of Birmingham

    Affiliation as printed

    School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK

37. Stéphane Udry

    University of Geneva

    Affiliation as printed

    Observatoire de Genève, Département d’Astronomie, Université de Genève, Chemin Pegasi 51b, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland

38. Soléne Ulmer-Moll Aachen Leiden Observatory

    University of Geneva · Leiden University · Leiden Observatory

    Affiliation as printed

    Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9513, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands

    Observatoire de Genève, Département d’Astronomie, Université de Genève, Chemin Pegasi 51b, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland

39. Carl Ziegler

    Stephen F. Austin State University

    Affiliation as printed

    Department of Physics, Engineering and Astronomy, Stephen F. Austin State University, 1936 North St, Nacogdoches, TX 75962, USA