Topological prethermal strong zero modes on superconducting processors
Nature, vol. 645, pp. 626–632
Abstract
Abstract Symmetry-protected topological phases 1–4 cannot be described by any local order parameter and are beyond the conventional symmetry-breaking model 5 . They are characterized by topological boundary modes that remain stable under symmetry respecting perturbations 1–4,6–8 . In clean, gapped systems without disorder, the stability of these edge modes is restricted to the zero-temperature manifold; at finite temperatures, interactions with mobile thermal excitations lead to their decay 9–11 . Here we report the observation of a distinct type of topological edge mode 12–14 , which is protected by emergent symmetries and persists across the entire spectrum, in an array of 100 programmable superconducting qubits. Through digital quantum simulation of a one-dimensional disorder-free stabilizer Hamiltonian, we observe robust long-lived topological edge modes over up to 30 cycles for a wide range of initial states. We show that the interaction between these edge modes and bulk excitations can be suppressed by dimerizing the stabilizer strength, leading to an emergent U(1) × U(1) symmetry in the prethermal regime of the system. Furthermore, we exploit these topological edge modes as logical qubits and prepare a logical Bell state, which exhibits persistent coherence, despite the system being disorder-free and at finite temperature. Our results establish a viable digital simulation approach 15–18 to experimentally study topological matter at finite temperature and demonstrate a potential route to construct long-lived, robust boundary qubits in disorder-free systems.
Authors 43
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Affiliation as printed
School of Physics, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Quantum Chips and Quantum Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Shanghai Qi Zhi Institute · Tsinghua University
Affiliation as printed
Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
Shanghai Qi Zhi Institute, Shanghai, China
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Affiliation as printed
School of Physics, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Quantum Chips and Quantum Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Affiliation as printed
School of Physics, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Quantum Chips and Quantum Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Affiliation as printed
School of Physics, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Quantum Chips and Quantum Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Affiliation as printed
School of Physics, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Quantum Chips and Quantum Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Affiliation as printed
School of Physics, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Quantum Chips and Quantum Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Affiliation as printed
School of Physics, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Quantum Chips and Quantum Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Affiliation as printed
School of Physics, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Quantum Chips and Quantum Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Affiliation as printed
School of Physics, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Quantum Chips and Quantum Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Affiliation as printed
School of Physics, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Quantum Chips and Quantum Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Affiliation as printed
School of Physics, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Quantum Chips and Quantum Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Affiliation as printed
School of Physics, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Quantum Chips and Quantum Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Affiliation as printed
School of Physics, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Quantum Chips and Quantum Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Affiliation as printed
School of Physics, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Quantum Chips and Quantum Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Affiliation as printed
School of Physics, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Quantum Chips and Quantum Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Affiliation as printed
School of Physics, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Quantum Chips and Quantum Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Affiliation as printed
School of Physics, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Quantum Chips and Quantum Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Affiliation as printed
School of Physics, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Quantum Chips and Quantum Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Affiliation as printed
School of Physics, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Quantum Chips and Quantum Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Affiliation as printed
School of Physics, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Quantum Chips and Quantum Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Affiliation as printed
Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei, China. hhwang@zju.edu.cn
School of Physics, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Quantum Chips and Quantum Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
School of Physics, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Quantum Chips and Quantum Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China. hhwang@zju.edu.cn
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Affiliation as printed
School of Physics, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Quantum Chips and Quantum Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Affiliation as printed
School of Physics, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Quantum Chips and Quantum Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Affiliation as printed
School of Physics, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Quantum Chips and Quantum Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Affiliation as printed
School of Physics, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Quantum Chips and Quantum Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Affiliation as printed
School of Physics, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Quantum Chips and Quantum Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Affiliation as printed
School of Physics, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Quantum Chips and Quantum Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Affiliation as printed
School of Physics, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Quantum Chips and Quantum Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Leiden University · Tsinghua University
Affiliation as printed
Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
Instituut-Lorentz, Universiteit Leiden, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Affiliation as printed
Shanghai Qi Zhi Institute, Shanghai, China
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Affiliation as printed
Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei, China
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Affiliation as printed
School of Physics, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Quantum Chips and Quantum Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Affiliation as printed
School of Physics, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Quantum Chips and Quantum Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Affiliation as printed
School of Physics, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Quantum Chips and Quantum Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Affiliation as printed
Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei, China
School of Physics, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Quantum Chips and Quantum Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Affiliation as printed
Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei, China. qguo@zju.edu.cn
School of Physics, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Quantum Chips and Quantum Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China. qguo@zju.edu.cn
Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei, China
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Harvard University · Center for Astrophysics Harvard & Smithsonian
Affiliation as printed
Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA, USA
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Harvard University · University of Cambridge
Affiliation as printed
Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
TCM Group, Cavendish Laboratory, Ray Dolby Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Iowa State University · Ames National Laboratory
Affiliation as printed
Ames National Laboratory, Ames, IA, USA
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
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Affiliation as printed
Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
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Affiliation as printed
Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei, China. hhwang@zju.edu.cn
School of Physics, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Quantum Chips and Quantum Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
School of Physics, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Quantum Chips and Quantum Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China. hhwang@zju.edu.cn
Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei, China
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Shanghai Qi Zhi Institute · Tsinghua University
Affiliation as printed
Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China. dldeng@tsinghua.edu.cn
Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei, China. dldeng@tsinghua.edu.cn
Shanghai Qi Zhi Institute, Shanghai, China. dldeng@tsinghua.edu.cn
Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei, China
Shanghai Qi Zhi Institute, Shanghai, China
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