BLADE: Benchmark suite for LLM-driven Automated Design and Evolution of iterative optimisation heuristics

Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference Companion (GECCO Companion), pp. 2336–2344

Abstract

The application of Large Language Models (LLMs) for Automated Algorithm Discovery (AAD), particularly for optimisation heuristics, is an emerging field of research. This emergence necessitates robust, standardised benchmarking practices to rigorously evaluate the capabilities and limitations of LLM-driven AAD methods and the resulting generated algorithms, especially given the opacity of their design process and known issues with existing benchmarks. To address this need, we introduce BLADE (Benchmark suite for LLM-driven Automated Design and Evolution), a modular and extensible framework specifically designed for benchmarking LLM-driven AAD methods in a continuous black-box optimisation context. BLADE integrates collections of benchmark problems (including MA-BBOB and SBOX-COST among others) with instance generators and textual descriptions aimed at capability-focused testing, such as generalisation, specialisation and information exploitation. It offers flexible experimental setup options, standardised logging for reproducibility and fair comparison, incorporates methods for analysing the AAD process (e.g., Code Evolution Graphs and various visualisation approaches) and facilitates comparison against human-designed baselines through integration with established tools like IOHanalyser and IOHexplainer. BLADE provides an 'out-of-the-box' solution to systematically evaluate LLM-driven AAD approaches. The framework is demonstrated through two distinct use cases exploring mutation prompt strategies and function specialisation.

Authors 4

1. Bas van Stein Aachen

   Leiden University

   Affiliation as printed

   Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands

2. Anna V. Kononova Aachen

   Leiden University

   Affiliation as printed

   Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands

3. Haoran Yin Aachen

   Leiden University

   Affiliation as printed

   Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands

4. Thomas Bäck Aachen

   Leiden University

   Affiliation as printed

   Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands