Roadmap on carbon molecular nanostructures in space
The European Physical Journal D, vol. 79
Abstract
Abstract In this roadmap article, we consider the main challenges and recent breakthroughs in understanding the role of carbon molecular nanostructures in space and propose future avenues of research. The focus lies on small carbon-containing molecules up to fullerenes, extending to even larger, more complex organic species. The roadmap contains forty contributions from scientists with leading expertise in observational astronomy, laboratory astrophysics/chemistry, astrobiology, theoretical chemistry, synthetic chemistry, molecular reaction dynamics, material science, spectroscopy, graph theory, and data science. The concerted interdisciplinary combination of the state-of-the-art of these astronomical, laboratory, and theoretical studies opens up new ways to advance the fundamental understanding of the physics and chemistry of cosmic carbon molecular nanostructures and touches on their wider relevance and impact in nanotechnology and catalysis. Graphical abstract A collection of carbon atoms on the road to a fullerene
Authors 97
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Affiliation as printed
Department of Physics, Center for Joint Quantum Studies, School of Science, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China
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Domingo Aníbal García-Hernández corresponding
Universidad de La Laguna · Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias
Affiliation as printed
Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Avenida Astrofísica Francisco Sánchez s/n, 38200, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), Vía Láctea s/n, 38205, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
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Ewha Womans University · University of Edinburgh
Affiliation as printed
Department of Physics, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, Scotland, UK
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Affiliation as printed
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Dogus University, 34775, Istanbul, Türkiye
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives · Normandie Université · Centre de Recherche sur les Ions, les Matériaux et la Photonique · Université de Caen Normandie
Affiliation as printed
Centre de Recherche sur les Ions, les Materiaux et la Photonique, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, CIMAP, Normandie University, 14000, Caen, France
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Max Planck Institute for Astronomy · Friedrich Schiller University Jena
Affiliation as printed
Laboratory Astrophysics Group, Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Institute of Solid State Physics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 3, 07743, Jena, Germany
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel · Nantes Université
Affiliation as printed
CNRS, Institut des Materiaux de Nantes Jean Rouxel, Nantes Université, Nantes, France
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Jožef Stefan Institute · Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School
Affiliation as printed
Joz̆ef Stefan Institute, Jamova Cesta 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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University of British Columbia · University of Hong Kong
Affiliation as printed
University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Western University · Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence
Affiliation as printed
Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON, N5X 3R3, Canada
SETI Institute, 339 Bernardo Ave, Suite 200, Mountain View, CA, 94043, USA
The Institute for Earth and Space Exploration, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON, N5X 3R3, Canada
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Western University · Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence
Affiliation as printed
Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON, N5X 3R3, Canada
SETI Institute, 339 Bernardo Ave, Suite 200, Mountain View, CA, 94043, USA
The Institute for Earth and Space Exploration, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON, N5X 3R3, Canada
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Leiden University · Space Telescope Science Institute · Leiden Observatory
Affiliation as printed
Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, PO Box 9513, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
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Leiden University · Leiden Observatory
Affiliation as printed
Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, PO Box 9513, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Leiden University · Leiden Observatory
Affiliation as printed
Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, PO Box 9513, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas · Universidad de La Laguna · Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias
Affiliation as printed
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Avenida Astrofísica Francisco Sánchez s/n, 38200, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), Vía Láctea s/n, 38205, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
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Affiliation as printed
CERGA, ACRI-ST, 260 Route du Pin Montard, 06904, Sophia Antopolis, France
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Affiliation as printed
CERGA, ACRI-ST, 260 Route du Pin Montard, 06904, Sophia Antopolis, France
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Ewha Womans University · University of Edinburgh
Affiliation as printed
Department of Physics, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, Scotland, UK
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Leiden University · Leiden Observatory
Affiliation as printed
Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, PO Box 9513, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Leiden University · Leiden Observatory
Affiliation as printed
Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, PO Box 9513, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Affiliation as printed
European Southern Observatory, Alonso de Cordova 3107, Santiago, Chile
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Paris-Saclay · Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale
Affiliation as printed
CNRS, Institut d’Astrophysique Spatiale, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
CNRS, Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
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Affiliation as printed
Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 25/8, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
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Affiliation as printed
Lennard–Jones Laboratories, Keele University, Keele, ST5 5BG, UK
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University of Colorado Boulder · Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics
Affiliation as printed
Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
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Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences
Affiliation as printed
School of Astronomy, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences, Tehran, 9395-5531, Iran
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Affiliation as printed
Space Science and Astrobiology Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, 94035, USA
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier · Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie · Université de Toulouse
Affiliation as printed
CNRS, CNES, UPS, Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie, Université de Toulouse, 9 Av. du colonel Roche, 31028, Toulouse, France
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Osservatorio Astronomico di Cagliari · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
Osservatorio Astronomico di Cagliari, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), 09047, Selargius, Italy
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Paris-Saclay · Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay
Affiliation as printed
CNRS, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d’Orsay, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405, Orsay, France
CNRS, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405, Orsay, France
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Universidad de La Laguna · Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias
Affiliation as printed
Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Avenida Astrofísica Francisco Sánchez s/n, 38200, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), Vía Láctea s/n, 38205, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
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Universidad de La Laguna · Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias
Affiliation as printed
Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Avenida Astrofísica Francisco Sánchez s/n, 38200, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), Vía Láctea s/n, 38205, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
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Universidad de La Laguna · Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias
Affiliation as printed
Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Avenida Astrofísica Francisco Sánchez s/n, 38200, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), Vía Láctea s/n, 38205, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
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Affiliation as printed
School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Glasnevin Campus, Dublin, Ireland
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Affiliation as printed
School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Glasnevin Campus, Dublin, Ireland
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Affiliation as printed
School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Glasnevin Campus, Dublin, Ireland
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Affiliation as printed
MOE Key Laboratory for Non-Equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi’an Jiaotong University, 28 Xianning West Rd., Xi’an, 710049, Shaanxi, China
MOE Key Laboratory for Non-Equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 28 Xianning West Rd., Xi'an, 710049, Shaanxi, China
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Affiliation as printed
Observatorio Astronómico Nacional (IGN), C/ Alfonso XII 3, 28014, Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Affiliation as printed
Observatorio Astronómico Nacional (IGN), C/ Alfonso XII 3, 28014, Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Chalmers University of Technology
Affiliation as printed
Department of Space, Earth and Environment, Chalmers University of Technology, Onsala Space Observatory, 439 92, Onsala, Sweden
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Affiliation as printed
Observatorio Astronómico Nacional (IGN), C/ Alfonso XII 3, 28014, Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Affiliation as printed
Department of Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, Zagreb, 10000, Croatia
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Affiliation as printed
Faculty of Civil Engineering, University of Zagreb, Kačićeva 26, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
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Affiliation as printed
Department of Geosciences, Stony Brook University, 11794, Stony Brook, NY, USA
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Radboud University Nijmegen · HFML-FELIX
Affiliation as printed
FELIX Laboratory, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Toernooiveld 7 6525 ED, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Radboud University Nijmegen · HFML-FELIX
Affiliation as printed
FELIX Laboratory, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Toernooiveld 7 6525 ED, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Radboud University Nijmegen · HFML-FELIX
Affiliation as printed
FELIX Laboratory, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Toernooiveld 7 6525 ED, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Radboud University Nijmegen · HFML-FELIX
Affiliation as printed
FELIX Laboratory, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Toernooiveld 7 6525 ED, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Radboud University Nijmegen · HFML-FELIX
Affiliation as printed
FELIX Laboratory, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Toernooiveld 7 6525 ED, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Radboud University Nijmegen · HFML-FELIX
Affiliation as printed
FELIX Laboratory, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Toernooiveld 7 6525 ED, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Affiliation as printed
Dipartimento di Fisica, Universitá di Pisa, largo B. Pontecorvo 3, 56127, Pisa, Italy
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Affiliation as printed
Dipartimento di Fisica, Universitá di Pisa, largo B. Pontecorvo 3, 56127, Pisa, Italy
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Affiliation as printed
Dipartimento di Fisica, Universitá di Pisa, largo B. Pontecorvo 3, 56127, Pisa, Italy
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Affiliation as printed
Department of Information and Electrical Engineering and Applied Mathematics, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 137, 84084, Fisciano, SA, Italy
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Affiliation as printed
Department of Physics and Mathematics, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistokatu, 7, 80100, Joensuu, Finland
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Affiliation as printed
Department of Physics and Mathematics, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistokatu, 7, 80100, Joensuu, Finland
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Affiliation as printed
Department of Physics and Mathematics, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistokatu, 7, 80100, Joensuu, Finland
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Affiliation as printed
Department of Physics and Mathematics, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistokatu, 7, 80100, Joensuu, Finland
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Affiliation as printed
COSYS/IMSE, Université Gustave Eiffel, 5 Bd Descartes, 77454, Champs sur Marne, France
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Affiliation as printed
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Max Planck Institute for Astronomy · Friedrich Schiller University Jena
Affiliation as printed
Analytical Mineralogy Group, Institute of Geosciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Lessingstr. 14, 07743, Jena, Germany
Laboratory Astrophysics Group, Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Institute of Solid State Physics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 3, 07743, Jena, Germany
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Affiliation as printed
Department of Physics, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, 41400, Kocaeli, Türkiye
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Affiliation as printed
Department of Physics, Stockholm University, 10691, Stockholm, SE, Sweden
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Affiliation as printed
Department of Physics, Stockholm University, 10691, Stockholm, SE, Sweden
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Affiliation as printed
Department of Physics, Stockholm University, 10691, Stockholm, SE, Sweden
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Affiliation as printed
School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
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Affiliation as printed
School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
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Czech Academy of Sciences · Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovsky Institute
Affiliation as printed
J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejs̆kova 2155/3, 18223, Prague, Czech Republic
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Affiliation as printed
Institute for Ion Physics and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 25, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
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Affiliation as printed
Institute for Ion Physics and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 25, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
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Affiliation as printed
Institute for Ion Physics and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 25, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Aix-Marseille Université · Physique des interactions ioniques et moléculaires
Affiliation as printed
Physics of the Interactions of Ions and Molecules (PIIM), Aix-Marseille Université/CNRS, Campus Etoile, 13013, Marseille, France
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Aix-Marseille Université · Physique des interactions ioniques et moléculaires
Affiliation as printed
Physics of the Interactions of Ions and Molecules (PIIM), Aix-Marseille Université/CNRS, Campus Etoile, 13013, Marseille, France
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Aix-Marseille Université · Physique des interactions ioniques et moléculaires
Affiliation as printed
Physics of the Interactions of Ions and Molecules (PIIM), Aix-Marseille Université/CNRS, Campus Etoile, 13013, Marseille, France
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HUN-REN Institute for Nuclear Research
Affiliation as printed
HUN-REN Institute for Nuclear Research (ATOMKI), Debrecen, Hungary
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University of Science and Technology of China
Affiliation as printed
Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, China
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University of Science and Technology of China
Affiliation as printed
Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, China
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University of Science and Technology of China
Affiliation as printed
Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, China
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China Academy of Engineering Physics
Affiliation as printed
Institute of Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, P.O. Box 9071, Jiangyou, 621907, Sichuan, China
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University of Science and Technology of China
Affiliation as printed
Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, China
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Affiliation as printed
Brimrose Corporation of America, Sparks Glencoe, MD, USA
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Affiliation as printed
Brimrose Corporation of America, Sparks Glencoe, MD, USA
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Affiliation as printed
Brimrose Corporation of America, Sparks Glencoe, MD, USA
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Affiliation as printed
Hampton University, Hampton, USA
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Affiliation as printed
Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
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U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command Chemical Biological Center
Affiliation as printed
Edgewood Chemical Biological Center, Edgewood, USA
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National Polytechnic University of Armenia
Affiliation as printed
National Polytechnic University of Armenia, Yerevan, Armenia
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National Polytechnic University of Armenia
Affiliation as printed
National Polytechnic University of Armenia, Yerevan, Armenia
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National Polytechnic University of Armenia · Yerevan State University
Affiliation as printed
National Polytechnic University of Armenia, Yerevan, Armenia
Yerevan State University, Yerevan, Armenia
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Affiliation as printed
Department of Mathematics, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
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Vellore Institute of Technology University
Affiliation as printed
Department of Physics, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Tiruvalam Road, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
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Vellore Institute of Technology University
Affiliation as printed
Department of Physics, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Tiruvalam Road, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
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Bulgarian Academy of Sciences · Institute of Electronics
Affiliation as printed
’Acad. E. Djakov’ Institute of Electronics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
'Acad. E. Djakov' Institute of Electronics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
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Bulgarian Academy of Sciences · Institute of Electronics
Affiliation as printed
’Acad. E. Djakov’ Institute of Electronics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
'Acad. E. Djakov' Institute of Electronics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
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Bulgarian Academy of Sciences · Institute of Electronics
Affiliation as printed
’Acad. E. Djakov’ Institute of Electronics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
'Acad. E. Djakov' Institute of Electronics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
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Bulgarian Academy of Sciences · Institute of Electronics
Affiliation as printed
’Acad. E. Djakov’ Institute of Electronics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
'Acad. E. Djakov' Institute of Electronics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
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Affiliation as printed
Laboratory for Space Research, Faculty of Science, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (SAR), China
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