Euclid Quick Data Release (Q1)
Astronomy and Astrophysics, vol. 711, pp. A15
Abstract
Investigating what drives the quenching of star formation in galaxies is key to understanding their evolution. The Euclid mission will provide rich spatial and spectral data from optical to infrared wavelengths for millions of galaxies, and enable precise measurements of their star formation histories. Using the first Euclid Quick Data Release (Q1), we developed a probabilistic classification framework that combines the average specific star-formation rate (sSFR log( τ ) ) inferred over two timescales ( τ = 10 8 , 10 9 yr) to categorise galaxies as ‘ageing’ (secularly evolving), ‘quenched’ (recently halted star formation), or ‘retired’ (dominated by old stars). We validated this methodology using synthetic observations from the IllustrisTNG simulation. Two classification methods were employed: a probabilistic approach, which integrates posterior distributions, and a model-driven method, which optimises sample purity and completeness using IllustrisTNG. At z < 0.1 and M * ≳ 3 × 10 8 M ⊙ , we obtain Euclid class fractions of 68–72%, 8–17%, and 14–19% for ageing, quenched, and retired populations, respectively, which is consistent with previous studies. Ageing and retired galaxies dominate at the low- and high-mass end, respectively, while quenched galaxies surpass the retired fraction for M * ≲ 10 10 M ⊙ . The evolution with redshift shows increasing and decreasing fractions of ageing and retired galaxies, respectively. The fraction of quenched systems shows a weaker dependence on stellar mass and redshift, varying between 5 and 15%. We find tentative evidence that more massive galaxies usually undergo quenching episodes at earlier times with respect to their low-mass counterparts. We analysed the mass-size-metallicity relation for each population. Ageing galaxies generally exhibit disc morphologies and low metallicities. Retired galaxies show compact structures and enhanced chemical enrichment, while quenched galaxies form an intermediate population that is more compact and chemically evolved than ageing systems. Despite potential selection biases, this work demonstrates Euclid ’s great potential for elucidating the physical nature of the quenching mechanisms that govern galaxy evolution.
Authors 100
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Affiliation as printed
Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen
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Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
Affiliation as printed
Centro de Investigación Avanzada en Física Fundamental (CIAFF), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
Departamento de Física Teórica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
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Affiliation as printed
Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen
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Affiliation as printed
Institute of Cosmology and Gravitation, University of Portsmouth
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Trieste Astronomical Observatory · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Paris Cité · Université Paris Diderot
Affiliation as printed
Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie
APC (UMR_7164) - AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC - UMR 7164, Université Paris Diderot, 10 rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, case postale 7020, F-75205 Paris Cedex 13 - France)
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Trieste Astronomical Observatory · Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
IFPU, Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe
INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste
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Astronomical Observatory of Capodimonte · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte
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Affiliation as printed
Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen
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Affiliation as printed
School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University
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Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris · European Space Agency · European Space Astronomy Centre
Affiliation as printed
ESAC/ESA
IAP - Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (98bis, bd Arago - 75014 Paris France - France)
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris · Sorbonne Université
Affiliation as printed
Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, UMR 7095, CNRS, and Sorbonne Université
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University of Liège · Ghent University
Affiliation as printed
STAR Institute, University of Liège
Sterrenkundig Observatorium, Universiteit Gent
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Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale · University of Southampton
Affiliation as printed
School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Southampton
IAS - Institut d'astrophysique spatiale (Bâtiment 121 91405 ORSAY CEDEX - France)
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Universidad de La Laguna · Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias
Affiliation as printed
Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias
Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL)
Universidad de La Laguna, Departamento de Astrofísica
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Paris-Saclay · Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale
Affiliation as printed
Universitü Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut d’astrophysique spatiale
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European Space Agency · European Space Astronomy Centre
Affiliation as printed
ESAC/ESA
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Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives · CEA Paris-Saclay - Etablissement de Saclay · University of Surrey · Astrophysique, Instrumentation et Modélisation · CEA Paris-Saclay
Affiliation as printed
School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Surrey
AIM (UMR_7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112) - Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM - UMR 7158 - UMR E 9005, ex 'Astrophysique Interactions Multi-échelles', Service d'astrophysique, CEA/Saclay, Orme des Merisiers F-91191 GIF SUR YVETTE CEDEX - France)
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Brera Astronomical Observatory · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Paris Cité · Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives
Affiliation as printed
Universitü Paris-Saclay, Université Paris Cité, CEA, CNRS, AIM
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Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati · Trieste Astronomical Observatory · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Trieste · Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
IFPU, Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe
INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste
INFN, Sezione di Trieste
SISSA, International School for Advanced Studies
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Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bologna · Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics · University of Bologna
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Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Bologna
INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna
INFN-Sezione di Bologna
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Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova · National Institute for Astrophysics
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INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova
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Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna
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Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna
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Trieste Astronomical Observatory · Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
IFPU, Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe
INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste
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Affiliation as printed
Space Science Data Center, Italian Space Agency
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Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino
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Brera Astronomical Observatory · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Genova · University of Genoa · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova
INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera
INFN-Sezione di Genova
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Astronomical Observatory of Capodimonte · European Space Agency · University of Naples Federico II · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
Department of Physics “E. Pancini”, University Federico II
INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte
ESA - Agence Spatiale Européenne = European Space Agency (Agence spatiale européenne (ESA) 8-10, rue Mario Nikis F-75015 Paris - France)
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Universidade do Porto · Institute of Astrophysics and Space Sciences · Centro de Astrofísica da Universidade do Porto
Affiliation as printed
Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto
Instituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço, Universidade do Porto, CAUP
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Leiden University · European Space Agency · Leiden Observatory · European Space Research and Technology Centre
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European Space Agency/ESTEC
Institute Lorentz, Leiden University
Leiden Observatory, Leiden University
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Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino · National Institute for Astrophysics
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INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino
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National Institute for Astrophysics
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INAF-IASF Milano
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Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona · Port d'Informació Científica · Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas
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Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT)
Port d’Informació Científica, Campus UAB
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Institute for Theoretical Particle Physics and Cosmology (TTK), RWTH Aachen University
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Institute of Space Sciences · Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya
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Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC)
Institute of Space Sciences (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB
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Astronomical Observatory of Rome · National Institute for Astrophysics
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INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma
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Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics
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INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna
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Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare · Astronomical Observatory of Capodimonte · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Napoli · National Institute for Astrophysics
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INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte
INFN section of Naples
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University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa · University of Hawaii System
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Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii
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Affiliation as printed
Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “Augusto Righi” – Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna
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Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias
Affiliation as printed
Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias
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Royal Observatory · University of Edinburgh
Affiliation as printed
Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory
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University of Manchester · Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon
Affiliation as printed
Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester
IP2I Lyon - Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon (Campus LyonTech-la Doua Bâtiment Paul DIRAC 4 Rue Enrico Fermi 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex - France)
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European Space Agency · European Space Astronomy Centre · Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de Marseille · European Space Research Institute
Affiliation as printed
ESAC/ESA
European Space Agency/ESRIN
LAM - Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (Pôle de l'Étoile Site de Château-Gombert 38, rue Frédéric Joliot-Curie 13388 Marseille cedex 13 - France)
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Lyon 1 Université · Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules · Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon
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Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, IP2I Lyon, UMR 5822
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Aix-Marseille Université · Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon
Affiliation as printed
Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, CNES, LAM
IP2I Lyon - Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon (Campus LyonTech-la Doua Bâtiment Paul DIRAC 4 Rue Enrico Fermi 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex - France)
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Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats · Institut de Ciències del Cosmos · Universitat de Barcelona
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Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA)
Institut de Ciències del Cosmos (ICCUB), Universitat de Barcelona (IEEC-UB)
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules · Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon
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UCB Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, IUF, IP2I Lyon
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Affiliation as printed
Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London
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University of Lisbon · Institute of Astrophysics and Space Sciences
Affiliation as printed
Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa
Instituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa
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Affiliation as printed
Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva
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Institute for Space Astrophysics and Planetology · Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale · National Institute for Astrophysics
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INAF-Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali
IAS - Institut d'astrophysique spatiale (Bâtiment 121 91405 ORSAY CEDEX - France)
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Affiliation as printed
Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Paris-Saclay · Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale
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Universitü Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut d’astrophysique spatiale
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University of Geneva · Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon
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Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva
IP2I Lyon - Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon (Campus LyonTech-la Doua Bâtiment Paul DIRAC 4 Rue Enrico Fermi 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex - France)
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European Space Agency · European Space Astronomy Centre · Centre de physique des particules de Marseille
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ESAC/ESA
CPPM - Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (163, avenue de Luminy - Case 902 - 13288 Marseille cedex 09 - France)
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Lyon 1 Université · Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules · Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon
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Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, IP2I Lyon, UMR 5822
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Aix-Marseille Université · Centre de physique des particules de Marseille · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules
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Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM
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Institute for Space Astrophysics and Planetology · National Institute for Astrophysics
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INAF-Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali
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Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon · National Institute for Astrophysics
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INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna
IP2I Lyon - Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon (Campus LyonTech-la Doua Bâtiment Paul DIRAC 4 Rue Enrico Fermi 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex - France)
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Astronomical Observatory of Rome · Agenzia Spaziale Italiana · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma
Space Science Data Center, Italian Space Agency
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Lyon 1 Université · Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules · Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon
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Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, IP2I Lyon, UMR 5822
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Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bologna · Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics
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INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna
INFN-Bologna
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Affiliation as printed
School of Physics, HH Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol
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Trieste Astronomical Observatory · National Institute for Astrophysics
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INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste
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Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics
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INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna
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National Institute for Astrophysics
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INAF-IASF Milano
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Trieste Astronomical Observatory · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste
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Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
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Universitäts-Sternwarte München, Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
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Royal Observatory · University of Edinburgh
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Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory
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Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bologna · Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio · National Institute for Astrophysics
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INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna
INFN-Sezione di Bologna
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Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics
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Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics
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Brera Astronomical Observatory · National Institute for Astrophysics
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INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera
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Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova · National Institute for Astrophysics
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INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova
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Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics · Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Affiliation as printed
Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics
Universitäts-Sternwarte München, Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
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University of Milan · Brera Astronomical Observatory · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Milano · National Institute for Astrophysics
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Dipartimento di Fisica “Aldo Pontremoli”, Università degli Studi di Milano
INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera
INFN-Sezione di Milano
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Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics · National Research Council Canada
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NRC Herzberg
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Affiliation as printed
Institute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo
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Affiliation as printed
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology
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Affiliation as printed
Department of Physics, Lancaster University
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Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris
Affiliation as printed
Felix Hormuth Engineering
IAP - Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (98bis, bd Arago - 75014 Paris France - France)
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Technical University of Denmark
Affiliation as printed
Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN)
Technical University of Denmark
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris · Sorbonne Université
Affiliation as printed
Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, UMR 7095, CNRS, and Sorbonne Université
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Max Planck Institute for Astronomy
Affiliation as printed
Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie
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Goddard Space Flight Center · Centre de physique des particules de Marseille
Affiliation as printed
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
CPPM - Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (163, avenue de Luminy - Case 902 - 13288 Marseille cedex 09 - France)
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Affiliation as printed
Department of Physics and Helsinki Institute of Physics
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Aix-Marseille Université · Centre de physique des particules de Marseille · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules · Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon
Affiliation as printed
Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM
IP2I Lyon - Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon (Campus LyonTech-la Doua Bâtiment Paul DIRAC 4 Rue Enrico Fermi 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex - France)
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Affiliation as printed
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology
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Lyon 1 Université · Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules · Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon
Affiliation as printed
Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, IP2I Lyon, UMR 5822
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Leiden University · Leiden Observatory
Affiliation as printed
Leiden Observatory, Leiden University
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Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
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Universitäts-Sternwarte München, Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
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University of Geneva · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules · Centre de Calcul de l’Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules
Affiliation as printed
Université de Genève, Département de Physique Théorique and Centre for Astroparticle Physics
CC-IN2P3 - Centre de Calcul de l'IN2P3 (Domaine scientifique de La Doua 43 bd du 11 Novembre 1918 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex - France)
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Helsinki Institute of Physics · Laboratoire Univers et Théories
Affiliation as printed
Department of Physics
Helsinki Institute of Physics
LUTH (UMR_8102) - Laboratoire Univers et Théories (5 place Jules Janssen 92195 Meudon cedex - France)
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de Marseille · Centre de Calcul de l’Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules
Affiliation as printed
Centre de Calcul de l’IN2P3/CNRS
LAM - Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (Pôle de l'Étoile Site de Château-Gombert 38, rue Frédéric Joliot-Curie 13388 Marseille cedex 13 - France)
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Paris Sciences et Lettres · Observatoire de Paris · Sorbonne Université · Laboratoire d'Étude de l'Univers et des Phénomènes Extrêmes
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Laboratoire d’etude de l’Univers et des phenomenes eXtremes, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Aix-Marseille Université
Affiliation as printed
Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, CNES, LAM
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Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino
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Affiliation as printed
Institute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo
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