Assessment of a cloud-based heating controller: Impact on user behaviour, comfort, and perceived control

Building and Environment, vol. 283, pp. 113345

Abstract

This study investigates user behaviour, thermal comfort and perceived control in two office buildings, a part of the Living Lab Energy Campus project at Forschungszentrum Jülich, Germany. A questionnaire-based assessment was conducted at the end of the heating season in March 2024, with 91 responses. From January to March 2024, monitored data were collected on indoor and outdoor environmental parameters, occupant-related data, and heating consumption. The findings reveal that distinct heating consumption profiles and indoor environmental conditions may arise from variations in heating system supply, building age, offices orientations, and user preferences. Adaptive opportunities through web-based interfaces (e.g., JuControl) and Thermostat Radiators Valves (TRVs) were associated with reduced thermostat interventions and increased user satisfaction. Contextual factors, including office orientation and desk type (fixed or shared)— significantly influenced thermostat adjustments. The majority of respondents (74%) felt within the thermal comfort range and 64% preferred to maintain same conditions, reflecting the efficiency of the heating controller. While thermal discomfort was infrequent, occupants typically adjusted clothing or thermostats to maintain comfort, often opening windows for fresh air. Additionally, 82% of respondents consider themselves savvy regarding energy-saving practices, with common measures including shock ventilation and thermostat adjustments if needed. Regression results showed that hybrid control systems—by combining thermostat automation and manual window control—may enhance occupant comfort and perceived control in office environments. These insights inform designers and researchers how to enhance the design and implementation of cloud-based controller to ensure occupant-centric building automation while reducing energy use.

Authors 2

1. André Xhonneux

   Forschungszentrum Jülich

   Affiliation as printed

   Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Climate and Energy Research, Energy Systems Engineering (ICE-1), 52425, Juelich, Germany

2. Dirk Müller Aachen E.ON Energy Research Center Institute for Energy Efficient Buildings and Indoor Climate

   RWTH Aachen University

   Affiliation as printed

   E.ON Energy Research Center, Institute for Energy Efficient Buildings and Indoor Climate, RWTH Aachen University, 52056, Aachen, Germany