Hexagonal Multielectrode Design for Recording Local Electrograms With Superior Characteristics

JACC. Clinical electrophysiology, vol. 11, pp. 1606–1612

Abstract

Electrograms recorded with a local coaxial reference offer advantages over bipolar electrograms for activation mapping but require more electrodes. We demonstrate that these coaxial electrograms can be recorded with a triangular local reference that can be efficiently created using hexagonal multielectrode grids. Triangular and cross-shaped local references recorded with a custom multielectrode were virtually indistinguishable. In contrast to bipolar electrograms, the morphology of the coaxial electrograms was insensitive to electrode orientation relative to the activation front, and the activation time matched closely with local activation. Developing hexagonal multielectrode designs may improve the efficiency and precision of clinical activation mapping.

Authors 8

1. Mark G. Hoogendijk corresponding

   Erasmus MC

   Affiliation as printed

   Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Institute, Thorax Center, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands. Electronic address: m.hoogendijk@erasmusmc.nl

2. Ruben Coronel

   Amsterdam University Medical Centers · Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences · University of Amsterdam

   Affiliation as printed

   Heart Center, Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands

3. Rishi Arora

   University of Chicago

   Affiliation as printed

   Department of Cardiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA

4. Marion Kuiper

   Maastricht University Medical Centre · Maastricht University

   Affiliation as printed

   Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands

5. Natasja de Groot

   Erasmus MC

   Affiliation as printed

   Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Institute, Thorax Center, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands

6. Rudolf A. de Boer

   Erasmus MC

   Affiliation as printed

   Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Institute, Thorax Center, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands

7. Edward J. Vigmond

   Université de Bordeaux · Electrophysiology and Heart Modeling Institute · Institut de Mathématiques de Bordeaux

   Affiliation as printed

   IHU Institut LIRYC, Fondation University Bordeaux, Talence, France; Institute of Mathematics of Bordeaux, UMR 5251, University of Bordeaux, Talence, France

8. Bastiaan J. Boukens Aachen

   Leiden University Medical Center · Maastricht University Medical Centre · Maastricht University

   Affiliation as printed

   Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands