exoALMA. V. Gaseous Emission Surfaces and Temperature Structures
The Astrophysical Journal Letters, vol. 984, pp. L10
Abstract
Abstract An analysis of the gaseous component in protoplanetary disks can inform us about their thermal and physical structure, chemical composition, and kinematic properties, all of which are crucial for understanding various processes within the disks. By exploiting the asymmetry of the line emission, or via line profile analysis, we can locate the emitting surfaces. Here, we present the emission surfaces of the exoALMA sources in 12CO J = 3–2, 13CO J = 3–2, and CS J = 7–6. We find that 12CO traces the upper disk atmosphere, with mean 〈z/r〉 values of ≈0.28, while 13CO and CS trace lower regions of the disk with mean 〈z/r〉 values of ≈0.16 and ≈0.18, respectively. We find that 12CO 〈z/r〉 and the disk mass are positively correlated with each other; this relationship offers a straightforward way to infer the disk mass. We derive 2D r – z temperature distributions of the disks. Additionally, we search for substructure in the surfaces and radial intensity profiles; we find evidence of localized substructure in the emission surfaces and peak intensity profiles of nearly every disk, with this substructure often being coincident between molecular tracers, intensity profiles, and kinematic perturbations. Four disks display evidence of potential photodesorption, implying that this effect may be common even in low far-ultraviolet star-forming regions. For most disks, we find that the physical and thermal structure is more complex than analytical models can account for, highlighting a need for more theoretical work and a better understanding of the role of projection effects on our observations.
Authors 38
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Affiliation as printed
Department of Astronomy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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Affiliation as printed
Department of Astronomy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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Leiden University · European Southern Observatory · University of Florida · Leiden Observatory
Affiliation as printed
Department of Astronomy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
European Southern Observatory, Karl-Schwarzschild-Str. 2, D-85748 Garching bei München, Germany
Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9513, NL-2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Côte d'Azur · Lagrange Laboratory · Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur
Affiliation as printed
Université Côte d’Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange, France
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University of Milan · University of Cambridge
Affiliation as printed
Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy
Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Rd., CB30HA, Cambridge, UK
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Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Affiliation as printed
Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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Center for Astrophysics Harvard & Smithsonian
Affiliation as printed
Center for Astrophysics ∣ Harvard & Smithsonian, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Côte d'Azur · Max Planck Institute for Astronomy · Lagrange Laboratory · Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur
Affiliation as printed
Max-Planck Institute for Astronomy (MPIA), Königstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
Université Côte d’Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange, France
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Côte d'Azur · Max Planck Institute for Astronomy · Lagrange Laboratory · Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur
Affiliation as printed
Max-Planck Institute for Astronomy (MPIA), Königstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
Université Côte d’Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange, France
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Affiliation as printed
Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy
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Affiliation as printed
Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy
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Wesleyan University · Pennsylvania State University
Affiliation as printed
Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics, 525 Davey Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
Department of Astronomy, Van Vleck Observatory, Wesleyan University, 96 Foss Hill Drive, Middletown, CT 06459, USA
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble · Monash University · Université Grenoble Alpes
Affiliation as printed
School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, VIC 3800, Australia
Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, 38000 Grenoble, France
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Côte d'Azur · Lagrange Laboratory · Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur
Affiliation as printed
Université Côte d’Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange, France
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Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Affiliation as printed
Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
Affiliation as printed
National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Osawa 2-21-1, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble · Université Grenoble Alpes
Affiliation as printed
Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, 38000 Grenoble, France
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University of Milan · University of Chile
Affiliation as printed
Departamento de Astronomía, Universidad de Chile, Camino El Observatorio 1515, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile
Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy
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Affiliation as printed
School of Physics & Astronomy, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews KY16 9SS, UK
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Max Planck Institute for Astronomy
Affiliation as printed
Max-Planck Institute for Astronomy (MPIA), Königstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
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National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
Affiliation as printed
National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
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Los Alamos National Laboratory · Rice University
Affiliation as printed
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, 6100 Main St., Houston, TX 77005, USA
Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
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Affiliation as printed
School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton VIC 3800, Australia
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Affiliation as printed
Center for Simulational Physics, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
Institute for Artificial Intelligence, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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Affiliation as printed
Department of Astronomy, Columbia University, 538 W. 120th St., Pupin Hall, New York, NY, USA
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Affiliation as printed
School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
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Affiliation as printed
College of Science, Ibaraki University, 2-1-1 Bunkyo, Mito, Ibaraki 310-8512, Japan
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble · Université Grenoble Alpes
Affiliation as printed
Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, 38000 Grenoble, France
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Affiliation as printed
Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy
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National Radio Astronomy Observatory
Affiliation as printed
National Radio Astronomy Observatory, 520 Edgemont Rd., Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble · Université Grenoble Alpes
Affiliation as printed
Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, 38000 Grenoble, France
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Affiliation as printed
College of Science, Ibaraki University, 2-1-1 Bunkyo, Mito, Ibaraki 310-8512, Japan
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Affiliation as printed
School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton VIC 3800, Australia
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble · Université Grenoble Alpes
Affiliation as printed
Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, 38000 Grenoble, France
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Center for Astrophysics Harvard & Smithsonian
Affiliation as printed
Center for Astrophysics ∣ Harvard & Smithsonian, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Affiliation as printed
Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Academia Sinica · Academia Sinica
Affiliation as printed
Academia Sinica Institute of Astronomy & Astrophysics, 11F of Astronomy-Mathematics Building, AS/NTU, No.1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI · National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
Affiliation as printed
Department of Astronomical Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
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