Exploring scintillators and Cherenkov radiators for MIP timing detectors

Journal of Instrumentation, vol. 20, pp. P04004

Abstract

Abstract This article presents the timing performance of materials with fast light emission, tested as Minimum Ionizing Particle detectors using 150 GeV hadron beams in Monte Carlo simulations and at the CERN SPS North Area. Pixels of cross-section 2 × 2 mm 2 or 3 × 3 mm 2 and length of 3 or 10 mm were coupled to Hamamatsu SiPM and read out by fast high-frequency electronics. Materials whose timing performance relies on Cherenkov emission, namely BGSO, PWO, and PbF 2 , achieved time resolutions in the range 24–36 ps. Scintillators as L(Y)SO:Ce, GAGG, and BaF 2 reached below 15 ps, the best topping at 12.1 ± 0.4 ps. These fast materials are compared to LYSO and their additional benefit is discussed. Given the promising results of BaF 2 , the study is completed with measurements of the scintillation properties of a set doped with yttrium to quench the slow light emission.

Authors 15

1. Roberto Calá

   Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Milano · University of Milano-Bicocca · European Organization for Nuclear Research

   Affiliation as printed

   European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland

   INFN & Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy

2. L. Martinazzoli

   Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Milano · University of Milano-Bicocca · European Organization for Nuclear Research

   Affiliation as printed

   European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland

   INFN & Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy

3. N. Kratochwil

   European Organization for Nuclear Research

   Affiliation as printed

   European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland

4. Fiammetta Pagano

   Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Milano · University of Milano-Bicocca · European Organization for Nuclear Research

   Affiliation as printed

   European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland

   INFN & Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy

5. Giulia Terragni

   Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Milano · University of Milano-Bicocca · European Organization for Nuclear Research

   Affiliation as printed

   European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland

   INFN & Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy

6. Carsten Lowis Aachen

   European Organization for Nuclear Research · RWTH Aachen University

   Affiliation as printed

   European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland

   RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany

7. J. Chen

   Chinese Academy of Sciences · Shanghai Institute of Ceramics

   Affiliation as printed

   Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201899, P.R. China

8. Jan Pejchal

   FZU - Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences

   Affiliation as printed

   Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic

9. P. Boháček

   FZU - Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences

   Affiliation as printed

   Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic

10. Martin Nikl

    FZU - Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences

    Affiliation as printed

    Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic

11. S. Tkachenko

    Institute for Scintillation Materials

    Affiliation as printed

    Institute for Scintillation Materials NAS of Ukraine, Kharkiv, Ukraine

12. O. Sidletskiy

    Institute for Scintillation Materials

    Affiliation as printed

    Institute for Scintillation Materials NAS of Ukraine, Kharkiv, Ukraine

13. M. Paganoni

    Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Milano · University of Milano-Bicocca

    Affiliation as printed

    INFN & Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy

14. Marco Pizzichemi

    Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Milano · University of Milano-Bicocca · European Organization for Nuclear Research

    Affiliation as printed

    European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland

    INFN & Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy

15. E. Auffray

    European Organization for Nuclear Research

    Affiliation as printed

    European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland