The ESAFORM benchmark 2023: interlaboratory comparison benchmark for the characterization of microstructural grain growth and dynamic recrystallization kinetics of a single-phase Ni-base superalloy
International Journal of Material Forming, vol. 18
Abstract
This paper presents an extensive benchmark study conducted across eight European research centres, focusing on the high-temperature testing of the Alloy 625 nickel-based superalloy to evaluate its flow behaviour and microstructural evolution, including grain growth (GG) and dynamic recrystallization (DRX). Uniaxial compression tests were performed at 1050 °C and three strain rates (0.1 s⁻ 1 , 1 s⁻ 1 , and 10 s⁻ 1 ) using six testing facilities categorised into three types: two conventional thermomechanical machines equipped with electrical resistance furnaces, two deformation dilatometers with induction heating, and two Gleeble machines with Joule heating. Flow curves were compared, and EBSD analysis was conducted to examine DRX. Virtual twins of tests were developed to estimate the thermomechanical history at the centre of the samples, where microstructural observations were conducted. The study methodically discussed the variability in thermomechanical behaviour and DRX results. Additionally, GG was investigated through heat treatments at 1150ºC for various hold times, using the three heating methods mentioned. Significant effects of the heating methods on GG were identified. In-situ synchrotron analysis at PETRA III DESY provided deeper insights into microstructural evolution. Considering the extensive findings of this research, this paper aims to establish guidelines and define best practices for high-temperature testing to characterise the thermomechanical behaviour and microstructural evolution of materials, while providing insights for advancing experimental mechanics and optimising constitutive model development.
Authors 21
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Julen Agirre corresponding
Affiliation as printed
Mechanics and Industrial Production Department, Mondragon Unibertsitatea, Loramendi 4, 20500, Mondragon, Spain
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Affiliation as printed
Mechanics and Industrial Production Department, Mondragon Unibertsitatea, Loramendi 4, 20500, Mondragon, Spain
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Centre de Mise en Forme des Matériaux · École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris
Affiliation as printed
Mines Paris - PSL, CNRS, CEMEF, UMR 7635, 06904, Sophia Antipolis, France
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Centre de Mise en Forme des Matériaux · École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris
Affiliation as printed
Mines Paris - PSL, CNRS, CEMEF, UMR 7635, 06904, Sophia Antipolis, France
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Affiliation as printed
Institute of Metal Forming (IBF), RWTH Aachen University, Intzestr. 10, 52072, Aachen, Germany
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Affiliation as printed
Institute of Metal Forming (IBF), RWTH Aachen University, Intzestr. 10, 52072, Aachen, Germany
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Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
Affiliation as printed
Institute of Manufacturing Technology, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 13, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
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Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
Affiliation as printed
Institute of Manufacturing Technology, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 13, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
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Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
Affiliation as printed
Institute of Manufacturing Technology, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 13, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
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Affiliation as printed
AGH University of Krakow, 30 Mickiewicza Ave, 30-059, Kraków, Poland
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Affiliation as printed
AGH University of Krakow, 30 Mickiewicza Ave, 30-059, Kraków, Poland
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Silesian University of Technology
Affiliation as printed
Materials Research Group, Lukasiewicz Research Network, Upper Silesian Institute of Technology, Karola Miarki 12‑14, 44‑100, Gliwice, Poland
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Affiliation as printed
National Manufacturing Institute of Scotland, University of Strathclyde, 3 Netherton Sq, Paisley, Renfrew, PA3 2EF, UK
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Affiliation as printed
National Manufacturing Institute of Scotland, University of Strathclyde, 3 Netherton Sq, Paisley, Renfrew, PA3 2EF, UK
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Affiliation as printed
Transvalor SA, 950 Avenue Roumanille - CS 40237, 06904, Sophia Antipolis Cedex Biot, France
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Affiliation as printed
Transvalor SA, 950 Avenue Roumanille - CS 40237, 06904, Sophia Antipolis Cedex Biot, France
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Affiliation as printed
Institute of Materials Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Max-Planck-Str. 1, 21502, Geesthacht, Germany
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Affiliation as printed
Institute of Material and Process Design, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Max-Planck-Str. 1, 21502, Geesthacht, Germany
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Affiliation as printed
Institute of Materials Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Max-Planck-Str. 1, 21502, Geesthacht, Germany
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Leuphana University of Lüneburg · Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon
Affiliation as printed
Institute for Production Technology and Systems, Leuphana University Lüneburg, Universitätsallee 1, 21335, Lüneburg, Germany
Institute of Material and Process Design, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Max-Planck-Str. 1, 21502, Geesthacht, Germany
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Affiliation as printed
Mechanics and Industrial Production Department, Mondragon Unibertsitatea, Loramendi 4, 20500, Mondragon, Spain
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