Efficiency of activities in production networks of arbitrary structures and technologies

Journal of Business Economics, vol. 95, pp. 809–838

Abstract

Abstract Production takes place in complex networks. An important question is how the efficiency of the whole network is related to that of the individual production units forming the network. A general network production theory with following characteristics is developed. Analysed networks may possess arbitrary structures with units whose technologies may be non-convex and even discrete. The theory generalises Koopmans’ linear activity analysis based on similar underlying modelling features and fundamental assumptions. The modelling approach is more suitable for analysing networks than common ones. Methods of efficiency measurement known from network data envelopment analysis are integrated into the theory. It is shown that calculating an overall efficiency score for a network as average of individual scores of its units is inappropriate. The relationship between the efficiency of a network activity and that of subsystems and units strongly depends on the extent of which the individual production units are free to choose their input and output quantities, i.e. whether the network is loose or tied. Especially in cases where flows of intermediate products are constrained instead of freely disposable, the explicit modelling of their overproduction helps to analyse their influence on efficiency scores.

Authors 2

1. Harald Dyckhoff corresponding Aachen School of Business and Economics (former Chair of Business Theory

   RWTH Aachen University

   Affiliation as printed

   School of Business and Economics (Former Chair of Business Theory, Sustainable Production, and Industrial Control), RWTH Aachen Technical University, Templergraben 64, 52056, Aachen, Germany

2. Rainer Souren

   Technische Universität Ilmenau

   Affiliation as printed

   Group of Sustainable Production and Logistics Management, Ilmenau University of Technology, Postbox 100565, 98684, Ilmenau, Germany