Randomness versus Nonlocality in Multiple-Input and Multiple-Output Quantum Scenario
Physical Review Letters, vol. 134, pp. 090201
Abstract
Device-independent randomness certification based on Bell nonlocality does not require any assumptions about the devices, thus provides adequate security. Great effort has been made to demonstrate that nonlocality is necessary for generating quantum randomness, but the minimal resource required has not been clarified. Here we prove and experimentally demonstrate that violating any two-input Bell inequality is both necessary and sufficient for certifying randomness, however, for the multiple-input cases, this sufficiency ceases to apply, leading to certain states exhibiting Bell nonlocality without the capability to certify randomness. We examine two typical classes of Bell inequalities with multiple input and multiple output, the facet inequalities and Salavrakos-Augusiak-Tura-Wittek-Acín-Pironio inequalities, in the high-dimensional photonic system, and observe that the violation of the latter one can always certify randomness which is not true for the former. The private randomness with a generation rate of 1.867±0.018 bits per photon pair is obtained in the scenario of Salavrakos-Augusiak-Tura-Wittek-Acín-Pironio inequalities with 3-input and 4-output. Our Letter unravels the internal connection between randomness and nonlocality, effectively enhancing the performance of tasks such as device-independent random number generation.
Authors 10
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Chao Zhang corresponding
University of Science and Technology of China · CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, USTC
Affiliation as printed
University of Science and Technology of China
CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
CAS Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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Yi Li corresponding
Peking University · Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter · Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences
Affiliation as printed
Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences
Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter
State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics
Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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Xiao-Min Hu corresponding
University of Science and Technology of China · CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, USTC
Affiliation as printed
University of Science and Technology of China
CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
CAS Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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Shanxi University · Peking University · Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter
Affiliation as printed
Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter
Shanxi University
State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics
Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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University of Science and Technology of China · CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, USTC
Affiliation as printed
University of Science and Technology of China
CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
CAS Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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University of Science and Technology of China · CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, USTC
Affiliation as printed
University of Science and Technology of China
CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
CAS Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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Affiliation as printed
Applied Quantum Algorithms Leiden
Instituut-Lorentz
Instituut-Lorentz, Universiteit Leiden, P.O. Box 9506, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
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Shanxi University · Peking University · Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter
Affiliation as printed
Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter
Hefei National Laboratory
Peking University Yangtze Delta Institute of Optoelectronics
Shanxi University
State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics
Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, China
Peking University Yangtze Delta Institute of Optoelectronics, Nantong, Jiangsu 226010, China
State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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Shanxi University · Peking University · Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter
Affiliation as printed
Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter
Hefei National Laboratory
Peking University Yangtze Delta Institute of Optoelectronics
Shanxi University
State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics
Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, China
Peking University Yangtze Delta Institute of Optoelectronics, Nantong, Jiangsu 226010, China
State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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University of Science and Technology of China · CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, USTC
Affiliation as printed
University of Science and Technology of China
CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
CAS Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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