Euclid preparation

Astronomy and Astrophysics, vol. 695, pp. A284

Abstract

The Euclid mission is generating a vast amount of imaging data in four broadband filters at a high angular resolution. This data will allow for the detailed study of mass, metallicity, and stellar populations across galaxies that will constrain their formation and evolutionary pathways. Transforming the Euclid imaging for large samples of galaxies into maps of physical parameters in an efficient and reliable manner is an outstanding challenge. Here, we investigate the power and reliability of machine learning techniques to extract the distribution of physical parameters within well-resolved galaxies. We focus on estimating stellar mass surface density, mass-averaged stellar metallicity, and age. We generated noise-free synthetic high-resolution (100 pc × 100 pc) imaging data in the Euclid photometric bands for a set of 1154 galaxies from the TNG50 cosmological simulation. The images were generated with the SKIRT radiative transfer code, taking into account the complex 3D distribution of stellar populations and interstellar dust attenuation. We used a machine learning framework to map the idealised mock observational data to the physical parameters on a pixel-by-pixel basis. We find that stellar mass surface density can be accurately recovered with a ≤0.130 dex scatter. Conversely, stellar metallicity and age estimates are, as expected, less robust, but they still contain significant information that originates from underlying correlations at a sub-kiloparsec scales between stellar mass surface density and stellar population properties. As a corollary, we show that TNG50 follows a spatially resolved mass-metallicity relation that is consistent with observations. Due to its relatively low computational and time requirements, which has a time-frame of minutes without dedicated high performance computing infrastructure once it has been trained, our method allows for fast and robust estimates of the stellar mass surface density distributions of nearby galaxies from four-filter Euclid imaging data. Equivalent estimates of stellar population properties (stellar metallicity and age) are less robust but still hold value as first-order approximations across large samples.

Authors 95

1. I. Kovačić
   Affiliation as printed

   Plaza de la Merced s/n , 37008 Salamanca , Spain

2. M. Baes
   Affiliation as printed

   Plaza de la Merced s/n , 37008 Salamanca , Spain

3. Angelos Nersesian
   Affiliation as printed

   Plaza de la Merced s/n , 37008 Salamanca , Spain

4. Nick Andreadis
   Affiliation as printed

   Plaza de la Merced s/n , 37008 Salamanca , Spain

5. L. Nemani

   The University of Tokyo

   Affiliation as printed

   The University of Tokyo , Kashiwa , Chiba 277-8583 , Japan

6. Abdurrouf
7. Laura Bisigello
   Affiliation as printed

   Plaza de la Merced s/n , 37008 Salamanca , Spain

8. M. Bolzonella
   Affiliation as printed

   Plaza de la Merced s/n , 37008 Salamanca , Spain

9. Arjen van der Wel
   Affiliation as printed

   Plaza de la Merced s/n , 37008 Salamanca , Spain

10. S. Cavuoti
    Affiliation as printed

    Plaza de la Merced s/n , 37008 Salamanca , Spain

11. Christopher J. Conselice

    The University of Tokyo

    Affiliation as printed

    The University of Tokyo , Kashiwa , Chiba 277-8583 , Japan

12. A Enia

    The University of Tokyo

    Affiliation as printed

    The University of Tokyo , Kashiwa , Chiba 277-8583 , Japan

13. L. K. Hunt
    Affiliation as printed

    Plaza de la Merced s/n , 37008 Salamanca , Spain

14. Patricia Iglesias-Navarro
    Affiliation as printed

    Plaza de la Merced s/n , 37008 Salamanca , Spain

15. E. Iodice
    Affiliation as printed

    Plaza de la Merced s/n , 37008 Salamanca , Spain

16. Johan H. Knapen
    Affiliation as printed

    Plaza de la Merced s/n , 37008 Salamanca , Spain

17. Francine R. Marleau

    The University of Tokyo

    Affiliation as printed

    The University of Tokyo , Kashiwa , Chiba 277-8583 , Japan

18. Oliver Müller

    The University of Tokyo

    Affiliation as printed

    The University of Tokyo , Kashiwa , Chiba 277-8583 , Japan

19. R. F. Peletier
    Affiliation as printed

    Plaza de la Merced s/n , 37008 Salamanca , Spain

20. Javier Román
    Affiliation as printed

    Plaza de la Merced s/n , 37008 Salamanca , Spain

21. P. Salucci

    Observatoire astronomique de Strasbourg

    Affiliation as printed

    Plaza de la Merced s/n , 37008 Salamanca , Spain

    ObAS - Observatoire astronomique de Strasbourg (11 Rue de l'université 67000 STRASBOURG - France)

22. T. Saifollahi
    Affiliation as printed

    Plaza de la Merced s/n , 37008 Salamanca , Spain

23. M. Scodeggio

    The University of Tokyo

    Affiliation as printed

    The University of Tokyo , Kashiwa , Chiba 277-8583 , Japan

24. M. Siudek

    The University of Tokyo

    Affiliation as printed

    The University of Tokyo , Kashiwa , Chiba 277-8583 , Japan

25. T de Waele
    Affiliation as printed

    Plaza de la Merced s/n , 37008 Salamanca , Spain

26. Adam Amara
    Affiliation as printed

    Plaza de la Merced s/n , 37008 Salamanca , Spain

27. Stefano Andreon
    Affiliation as printed

    Plaza de la Merced s/n , 37008 Salamanca , Spain

28. N. Auricchio
    Affiliation as printed

    Plaza de la Merced s/n , 37008 Salamanca , Spain

29. C. Baccigalupi
    Affiliation as printed

    Plaza de la Merced s/n , 37008 Salamanca , Spain

30. Marco Baldi

    The University of Tokyo

    Affiliation as printed

    The University of Tokyo , Kashiwa , Chiba 277-8583 , Japan

31. S. Bardelli

    The University of Tokyo

    Affiliation as printed

    The University of Tokyo , Kashiwa , Chiba 277-8583 , Japan

32. Paola Maria Battaglia
    Affiliation as printed

    Plaza de la Merced s/n , 37008 Salamanca , Spain

33. Ralf Bender
    Affiliation as printed

    Plaza de la Merced s/n , 37008 Salamanca , Spain

34. Christof T. Bodendorf
    Affiliation as printed

    Plaza de la Merced s/n , 37008 Salamanca , Spain

35. D. Bonino

    Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de Marseille

    Affiliation as printed

    Plaza de la Merced s/n , 37008 Salamanca , Spain

    LAM - Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (Pôle de l'Étoile Site de Château-Gombert 38, rue Frédéric Joliot-Curie 13388 Marseille cedex 13 - France)

36. William Bon

    The University of Tokyo

    Affiliation as printed

    The University of Tokyo , Kashiwa , Chiba 277-8583 , Japan

37. E. Branchini

    The University of Tokyo

    Affiliation as printed

    The University of Tokyo , Kashiwa , Chiba 277-8583 , Japan

38. M. Brescia

    The University of Tokyo

    Affiliation as printed

    The University of Tokyo , Kashiwa , Chiba 277-8583 , Japan

39. J. Brinchmann
    Affiliation as printed

    Plaza de la Merced s/n , 37008 Salamanca , Spain

40. S. Camera
    Affiliation as printed

    Plaza de la Merced s/n , 37008 Salamanca , Spain

41. V. Capobianco
    Affiliation as printed

    Plaza de la Merced s/n , 37008 Salamanca , Spain

42. C. Carbone

    The University of Tokyo

    Affiliation as printed

    The University of Tokyo , Kashiwa , Chiba 277-8583 , Japan

43. J. Carretero

    The University of Tokyo

    Affiliation as printed

    The University of Tokyo , Kashiwa , Chiba 277-8583 , Japan

44. Santiago Casas

    The University of Tokyo

    Affiliation as printed

    The University of Tokyo , Kashiwa , Chiba 277-8583 , Japan

45. Francisco Javier Castander
    Affiliation as printed

    Plaza de la Merced s/n , 37008 Salamanca , Spain

46. M. Castellano
    Affiliation as printed

    Plaza de la Merced s/n , 37008 Salamanca , Spain

47. G. Castignani
    Affiliation as printed

    Plaza de la Merced s/n , 37008 Salamanca , Spain

48. G. Congedo

    The University of Tokyo

    Affiliation as printed

    The University of Tokyo , Kashiwa , Chiba 277-8583 , Japan

49. C Colodro-Conde

    The University of Tokyo

    Affiliation as printed

    The University of Tokyo , Kashiwa , Chiba 277-8583 , Japan

50. L. Conversi

    Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon

    Affiliation as printed

    Plaza de la Merced s/n , 37008 Salamanca , Spain

    IP2I Lyon - Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon (Campus LyonTech-la Doua Bâtiment Paul DIRAC 4 Rue Enrico Fermi 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex - France)

51. Y. Copin
    Affiliation as printed

    Plaza de la Merced s/n , 37008 Salamanca , Spain

52. F. Courbin

    Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon

    Affiliation as printed

    Plaza de la Merced s/n , 37008 Salamanca , Spain

    IP2I Lyon - Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon (Campus LyonTech-la Doua Bâtiment Paul DIRAC 4 Rue Enrico Fermi 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex - France)

53. Hélène M. Courtois
    Affiliation as printed

    Plaza de la Merced s/n , 37008 Salamanca , Spain

54. A. Da Silva

    The University of Tokyo

    Affiliation as printed

    The University of Tokyo , Kashiwa , Chiba 277-8583 , Japan

55. Hubert Degaudenzi

    The University of Tokyo

    Affiliation as printed

    The University of Tokyo , Kashiwa , Chiba 277-8583 , Japan

56. G. De Lucia

    The University of Tokyo

    Affiliation as printed

    The University of Tokyo , Kashiwa , Chiba 277-8583 , Japan

57. J. Dinis

    Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale

    Affiliation as printed

    Plaza de la Merced s/n , 37008 Salamanca , Spain

    IAS - Institut d'astrophysique spatiale (Bâtiment 121 91405 ORSAY CEDEX - France)

58. Marian Douspis
    Affiliation as printed

    Plaza de la Merced s/n , 37008 Salamanca , Spain

59. F. Dubath

    The University of Tokyo

    Affiliation as printed

    The University of Tokyo , Kashiwa , Chiba 277-8583 , Japan

60. X. Dupac

    The University of Tokyo

    Affiliation as printed

    The University of Tokyo , Kashiwa , Chiba 277-8583 , Japan

61. S. Dusini

    Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon · The University of Tokyo

    Affiliation as printed

    The University of Tokyo , Kashiwa , Chiba 277-8583 , Japan

    IP2I Lyon - Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon (Campus LyonTech-la Doua Bâtiment Paul DIRAC 4 Rue Enrico Fermi 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex - France)

62. A. Ealet

    The University of Tokyo

    Affiliation as printed

    The University of Tokyo , Kashiwa , Chiba 277-8583 , Japan

63. Maria Farina

    Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives · CEA Paris-Saclay - Etablissement de Saclay · Astrophysique, Instrumentation et Modélisation · CEA Paris-Saclay · The University of Tokyo

    Affiliation as printed

    The University of Tokyo , Kashiwa , Chiba 277-8583 , Japan

    AIM (UMR7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112) - Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM - UMR 7158 - UMR E 9005, ex 'Astrophysique Interactions Multi-échelles', Service d'astrophysique, CEA/Saclay, Orme des Merisiers F-91191 GIF SUR YVETTE CEDEX - France)

64. S. Farrens
    Affiliation as printed

    Plaza de la Merced s/n , 37008 Salamanca , Spain

65. F Faustini

    Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon

    Affiliation as printed

    Plaza de la Merced s/n , 37008 Salamanca , Spain

    IP2I Lyon - Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon (Campus LyonTech-la Doua Bâtiment Paul DIRAC 4 Rue Enrico Fermi 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex - France)

66. S Ferriol
    Affiliation as printed

    Plaza de la Merced s/n , 37008 Salamanca , Spain

67. P. Fosalba
    Affiliation as printed

    Plaza de la Merced s/n , 37008 Salamanca , Spain

68. M. Frailis

    The University of Tokyo

    Affiliation as printed

    The University of Tokyo , Kashiwa , Chiba 277-8583 , Japan

69. Enrico Franceschi

    The University of Tokyo

    Affiliation as printed

    The University of Tokyo , Kashiwa , Chiba 277-8583 , Japan

70. Samuele Galeotta

    The University of Tokyo

    Affiliation as printed

    The University of Tokyo , Kashiwa , Chiba 277-8583 , Japan

71. Bryan R. Gillis

    The University of Tokyo

    Affiliation as printed

    The University of Tokyo , Kashiwa , Chiba 277-8583 , Japan

72. C. Giocoli
    Affiliation as printed

    Plaza de la Merced s/n , 37008 Salamanca , Spain

73. A. Grazian
    Affiliation as printed

    Plaza de la Merced s/n , 37008 Salamanca , Spain

74. Frank U. Grupp
    Affiliation as printed

    Plaza de la Merced s/n , 37008 Salamanca , Spain

75. L. Guzzo

    The University of Tokyo

    Affiliation as printed

    The University of Tokyo , Kashiwa , Chiba 277-8583 , Japan

76. W. A. Holmes

    The University of Tokyo

    Affiliation as printed

    The University of Tokyo , Kashiwa , Chiba 277-8583 , Japan

77. I. Hook

    The University of Tokyo

    Affiliation as printed

    The University of Tokyo , Kashiwa , Chiba 277-8583 , Japan

78. F. Hormuth

    The University of Tokyo

    Affiliation as printed

    The University of Tokyo , Kashiwa , Chiba 277-8583 , Japan

79. Allan Hornstrup
    Affiliation as printed

    Plaza de la Merced s/n , 37008 Salamanca , Spain

80. K. Jahnkę
    Affiliation as printed

    Plaza de la Merced s/n , 37008 Salamanca , Spain

81. Murzy D. Jhabvala
    Affiliation as printed

    Plaza de la Merced s/n , 37008 Salamanca , Spain

82. Benjamin Joachimi

    The University of Tokyo

    Affiliation as printed

    The University of Tokyo , Kashiwa , Chiba 277-8583 , Japan

83. Elina Keihänen

    Centre de physique des particules de Marseille · The University of Tokyo

    Affiliation as printed

    The University of Tokyo , Kashiwa , Chiba 277-8583 , Japan

    CPPM - Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (163, avenue de Luminy - Case 902 - 13288 Marseille cedex 09 - France)

84. Smaïn Kermiche

    The University of Tokyo

    Affiliation as printed

    The University of Tokyo , Kashiwa , Chiba 277-8583 , Japan

85. A. Kiessling

    Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives · CEA Paris-Saclay - Etablissement de Saclay · Astrophysique, Instrumentation et Modélisation · CEA Paris-Saclay · The University of Tokyo

    Affiliation as printed

    The University of Tokyo , Kashiwa , Chiba 277-8583 , Japan

    AIM (UMR7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112) - Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM - UMR 7158 - UMR E 9005, ex 'Astrophysique Interactions Multi-échelles', Service d'astrophysique, CEA/Saclay, Orme des Merisiers F-91191 GIF SUR YVETTE CEDEX - France)

86. M. Kilbinger

    Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon

    Affiliation as printed

    Plaza de la Merced s/n , 37008 Salamanca , Spain

    IP2I Lyon - Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon (Campus LyonTech-la Doua Bâtiment Paul DIRAC 4 Rue Enrico Fermi 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex - France)

87. Bogna Kubik
    Affiliation as printed

    Plaza de la Merced s/n , 37008 Salamanca , Spain

88. Konrad H. Kuijken
    Affiliation as printed

    Plaza de la Merced s/n , 37008 Salamanca , Spain

89. M Kümmel

    The University of Tokyo

    Affiliation as printed

    The University of Tokyo , Kashiwa , Chiba 277-8583 , Japan

90. Martin Kunz

    The University of Tokyo

    Affiliation as printed

    The University of Tokyo , Kashiwa , Chiba 277-8583 , Japan

91. Hannu Kurki-Suonio

    The University of Tokyo

    Affiliation as printed

    The University of Tokyo , Kashiwa , Chiba 277-8583 , Japan

92. S. Ligori

    The University of Tokyo

    Affiliation as printed

    The University of Tokyo , Kashiwa , Chiba 277-8583 , Japan

93. Per Barth Lilje

    The University of Tokyo

    Affiliation as printed

    The University of Tokyo , Kashiwa , Chiba 277-8583 , Japan

94. V. Lindholm
    Affiliation as printed

    Plaza de la Merced s/n , 37008 Salamanca , Spain

95. Ivan Lloro
    Affiliation as printed

    Plaza de la Merced s/n , 37008 Salamanca , Spain