Euclid preparation

Astronomy and Astrophysics, vol. 695, pp. A284

Abstract

The Euclid mission is generating a vast amount of imaging data in four broadband filters at a high angular resolution. This data will allow for the detailed study of mass, metallicity, and stellar populations across galaxies that will constrain their formation and evolutionary pathways. Transforming the Euclid imaging for large samples of galaxies into maps of physical parameters in an efficient and reliable manner is an outstanding challenge. Here, we investigate the power and reliability of machine learning techniques to extract the distribution of physical parameters within well-resolved galaxies. We focus on estimating stellar mass surface density, mass-averaged stellar metallicity, and age. We generated noise-free synthetic high-resolution (100 pc × 100 pc) imaging data in the Euclid photometric bands for a set of 1154 galaxies from the TNG50 cosmological simulation. The images were generated with the SKIRT radiative transfer code, taking into account the complex 3D distribution of stellar populations and interstellar dust attenuation. We used a machine learning framework to map the idealised mock observational data to the physical parameters on a pixel-by-pixel basis. We find that stellar mass surface density can be accurately recovered with a ≤0.130 dex scatter. Conversely, stellar metallicity and age estimates are, as expected, less robust, but they still contain significant information that originates from underlying correlations at a sub-kiloparsec scales between stellar mass surface density and stellar population properties. As a corollary, we show that TNG50 follows a spatially resolved mass-metallicity relation that is consistent with observations. Due to its relatively low computational and time requirements, which has a time-frame of minutes without dedicated high performance computing infrastructure once it has been trained, our method allows for fast and robust estimates of the stellar mass surface density distributions of nearby galaxies from four-filter Euclid imaging data. Equivalent estimates of stellar population properties (stellar metallicity and age) are less robust but still hold value as first-order approximations across large samples.

Authors 92

1. I. Kovačić
   Affiliation as printed

   Plaza de la Merced s/n , 37008 Salamanca , Spain

2. M. Baes
   Affiliation as printed

   Plaza de la Merced s/n , 37008 Salamanca , Spain

3. Angelos Nersesian
   Affiliation as printed

   Plaza de la Merced s/n , 37008 Salamanca , Spain

4. Nick Andreadis
   Affiliation as printed

   Plaza de la Merced s/n , 37008 Salamanca , Spain

5. L. Nemani

   The University of Tokyo

   Affiliation as printed

   The University of Tokyo , Kashiwa , Chiba 277-8583 , Japan

6. Abdurrouf
7. Laura Bisigello
   Affiliation as printed

   Plaza de la Merced s/n , 37008 Salamanca , Spain

8. M. Bolzonella
   Affiliation as printed

   Plaza de la Merced s/n , 37008 Salamanca , Spain

9. Arjen van der Wel
   Affiliation as printed

   Plaza de la Merced s/n , 37008 Salamanca , Spain

10. S. Cavuoti
    Affiliation as printed

    Plaza de la Merced s/n , 37008 Salamanca , Spain

11. Christopher J. Conselice

    The University of Tokyo

    Affiliation as printed

    The University of Tokyo , Kashiwa , Chiba 277-8583 , Japan

12. A Enia

    The University of Tokyo

    Affiliation as printed

    The University of Tokyo , Kashiwa , Chiba 277-8583 , Japan

13. L. K. Hunt
    Affiliation as printed

    Plaza de la Merced s/n , 37008 Salamanca , Spain

14. Patricia Iglesias-Navarro
    Affiliation as printed

    Plaza de la Merced s/n , 37008 Salamanca , Spain

15. E. Iodice
    Affiliation as printed

    Plaza de la Merced s/n , 37008 Salamanca , Spain

16. Francine R. Marleau

    The University of Tokyo

    Affiliation as printed

    The University of Tokyo , Kashiwa , Chiba 277-8583 , Japan

17. Oliver Müller

    The University of Tokyo

    Affiliation as printed

    The University of Tokyo , Kashiwa , Chiba 277-8583 , Japan

18. R. F. Peletier
    Affiliation as printed

    Plaza de la Merced s/n , 37008 Salamanca , Spain

19. Javier Román
    Affiliation as printed

    Plaza de la Merced s/n , 37008 Salamanca , Spain

20. P. Salucci

    Observatoire astronomique de Strasbourg

    Affiliation as printed

    Plaza de la Merced s/n , 37008 Salamanca , Spain

    ObAS - Observatoire astronomique de Strasbourg (11 Rue de l'université 67000 STRASBOURG - France)

21. T. Saifollahi
    Affiliation as printed

    Plaza de la Merced s/n , 37008 Salamanca , Spain

22. M. Scodeggio

    The University of Tokyo

    Affiliation as printed

    The University of Tokyo , Kashiwa , Chiba 277-8583 , Japan

23. M. Siudek

    The University of Tokyo

    Affiliation as printed

    The University of Tokyo , Kashiwa , Chiba 277-8583 , Japan

24. T de Waele
    Affiliation as printed

    Plaza de la Merced s/n , 37008 Salamanca , Spain

25. Adam Amara
    Affiliation as printed

    Plaza de la Merced s/n , 37008 Salamanca , Spain

26. Stefano Andreon
    Affiliation as printed

    Plaza de la Merced s/n , 37008 Salamanca , Spain

27. N. Auricchio
    Affiliation as printed

    Plaza de la Merced s/n , 37008 Salamanca , Spain

28. Carlo Baccigalupi
    Affiliation as printed

    Plaza de la Merced s/n , 37008 Salamanca , Spain

29. Marco Baldi

    The University of Tokyo

    Affiliation as printed

    The University of Tokyo , Kashiwa , Chiba 277-8583 , Japan

30. S. Bardelli

    The University of Tokyo

    Affiliation as printed

    The University of Tokyo , Kashiwa , Chiba 277-8583 , Japan

31. Paola Maria Battaglia
    Affiliation as printed

    Plaza de la Merced s/n , 37008 Salamanca , Spain

32. Ralf Bender
    Affiliation as printed

    Plaza de la Merced s/n , 37008 Salamanca , Spain

33. Christof T. Bodendorf
    Affiliation as printed

    Plaza de la Merced s/n , 37008 Salamanca , Spain

34. D. Bonino

    Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de Marseille

    Affiliation as printed

    Plaza de la Merced s/n , 37008 Salamanca , Spain

    LAM - Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (Pôle de l'Étoile Site de Château-Gombert 38, rue Frédéric Joliot-Curie 13388 Marseille cedex 13 - France)

35. William Bon

    The University of Tokyo

    Affiliation as printed

    The University of Tokyo , Kashiwa , Chiba 277-8583 , Japan

36. E. Branchini

    The University of Tokyo

    Affiliation as printed

    The University of Tokyo , Kashiwa , Chiba 277-8583 , Japan

37. M. Brescia

    The University of Tokyo

    Affiliation as printed

    The University of Tokyo , Kashiwa , Chiba 277-8583 , Japan

38. J. Brinchmann
    Affiliation as printed

    Plaza de la Merced s/n , 37008 Salamanca , Spain

39. S. Camera
    Affiliation as printed

    Plaza de la Merced s/n , 37008 Salamanca , Spain

40. V. Capobianco
    Affiliation as printed

    Plaza de la Merced s/n , 37008 Salamanca , Spain

41. C. Carbone

    The University of Tokyo

    Affiliation as printed

    The University of Tokyo , Kashiwa , Chiba 277-8583 , Japan

42. J. Carretero

    The University of Tokyo

    Affiliation as printed

    The University of Tokyo , Kashiwa , Chiba 277-8583 , Japan

43. Santiago Casas

    The University of Tokyo

    Affiliation as printed

    The University of Tokyo , Kashiwa , Chiba 277-8583 , Japan

44. Francisco Javier Castander
    Affiliation as printed

    Plaza de la Merced s/n , 37008 Salamanca , Spain

45. G. Castignani
    Affiliation as printed

    Plaza de la Merced s/n , 37008 Salamanca , Spain

46. A. Cimatti

    The University of Tokyo

    Affiliation as printed

    The University of Tokyo , Kashiwa , Chiba 277-8583 , Japan

47. C Colodro-Conde

    The University of Tokyo

    Affiliation as printed

    The University of Tokyo , Kashiwa , Chiba 277-8583 , Japan

48. G. Congedo

    The University of Tokyo

    Affiliation as printed

    The University of Tokyo , Kashiwa , Chiba 277-8583 , Japan

49. L. Conversi

    Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon

    Affiliation as printed

    Plaza de la Merced s/n , 37008 Salamanca , Spain

    IP2I Lyon - Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon (Campus LyonTech-la Doua Bâtiment Paul DIRAC 4 Rue Enrico Fermi 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex - France)

50. Y. Copin
    Affiliation as printed

    Plaza de la Merced s/n , 37008 Salamanca , Spain

51. F. Courbin

    Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon

    Affiliation as printed

    Plaza de la Merced s/n , 37008 Salamanca , Spain

    IP2I Lyon - Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon (Campus LyonTech-la Doua Bâtiment Paul DIRAC 4 Rue Enrico Fermi 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex - France)

52. A. Da Silva

    The University of Tokyo

    Affiliation as printed

    The University of Tokyo , Kashiwa , Chiba 277-8583 , Japan

53. Hubert Degaudenzi

    The University of Tokyo

    Affiliation as printed

    The University of Tokyo , Kashiwa , Chiba 277-8583 , Japan

54. G. De Lucia

    The University of Tokyo

    Affiliation as printed

    The University of Tokyo , Kashiwa , Chiba 277-8583 , Japan

55. J. Dinis

    Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale

    Affiliation as printed

    Plaza de la Merced s/n , 37008 Salamanca , Spain

    IAS - Institut d'astrophysique spatiale (Bâtiment 121 91405 ORSAY CEDEX - France)

56. Marian Douspis
    Affiliation as printed

    Plaza de la Merced s/n , 37008 Salamanca , Spain

57. F. Dubath

    The University of Tokyo

    Affiliation as printed

    The University of Tokyo , Kashiwa , Chiba 277-8583 , Japan

58. X. Dupac

    The University of Tokyo

    Affiliation as printed

    The University of Tokyo , Kashiwa , Chiba 277-8583 , Japan

59. S. Dusini

    Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon · The University of Tokyo

    Affiliation as printed

    The University of Tokyo , Kashiwa , Chiba 277-8583 , Japan

    IP2I Lyon - Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon (Campus LyonTech-la Doua Bâtiment Paul DIRAC 4 Rue Enrico Fermi 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex - France)

60. A. Ealet

    The University of Tokyo

    Affiliation as printed

    The University of Tokyo , Kashiwa , Chiba 277-8583 , Japan

61. Maria Farina

    Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives · CEA Paris-Saclay - Etablissement de Saclay · Astrophysique, Instrumentation et Modélisation · CEA Paris-Saclay · The University of Tokyo

    Affiliation as printed

    The University of Tokyo , Kashiwa , Chiba 277-8583 , Japan

    AIM (UMR7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112) - Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM - UMR 7158 - UMR E 9005, ex 'Astrophysique Interactions Multi-échelles', Service d'astrophysique, CEA/Saclay, Orme des Merisiers F-91191 GIF SUR YVETTE CEDEX - France)

62. S. Farrens
    Affiliation as printed

    Plaza de la Merced s/n , 37008 Salamanca , Spain

63. F Faustini

    Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon

    Affiliation as printed

    Plaza de la Merced s/n , 37008 Salamanca , Spain

    IP2I Lyon - Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon (Campus LyonTech-la Doua Bâtiment Paul DIRAC 4 Rue Enrico Fermi 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex - France)

64. S. Ferriol
    Affiliation as printed

    Plaza de la Merced s/n , 37008 Salamanca , Spain

65. P. Fosalba
    Affiliation as printed

    Plaza de la Merced s/n , 37008 Salamanca , Spain

66. M. Frailis

    The University of Tokyo

    Affiliation as printed

    The University of Tokyo , Kashiwa , Chiba 277-8583 , Japan

67. Enrico Franceschi

    The University of Tokyo

    Affiliation as printed

    The University of Tokyo , Kashiwa , Chiba 277-8583 , Japan

68. Samuele Galeotta

    The University of Tokyo

    Affiliation as printed

    The University of Tokyo , Kashiwa , Chiba 277-8583 , Japan

69. Bryan R. Gillis

    The University of Tokyo

    Affiliation as printed

    The University of Tokyo , Kashiwa , Chiba 277-8583 , Japan

70. C. Giocoli
    Affiliation as printed

    Plaza de la Merced s/n , 37008 Salamanca , Spain

71. A. Grazian
    Affiliation as printed

    Plaza de la Merced s/n , 37008 Salamanca , Spain

72. F Grupp
    Affiliation as printed

    Plaza de la Merced s/n , 37008 Salamanca , Spain

73. L. Guzzo

    The University of Tokyo

    Affiliation as printed

    The University of Tokyo , Kashiwa , Chiba 277-8583 , Japan

74. W. A. Holmes

    The University of Tokyo

    Affiliation as printed

    The University of Tokyo , Kashiwa , Chiba 277-8583 , Japan

75. I. Hook

    The University of Tokyo

    Affiliation as printed

    The University of Tokyo , Kashiwa , Chiba 277-8583 , Japan

76. F. Hormuth

    The University of Tokyo

    Affiliation as printed

    The University of Tokyo , Kashiwa , Chiba 277-8583 , Japan

77. Allan Hornstrup
    Affiliation as printed

    Plaza de la Merced s/n , 37008 Salamanca , Spain

78. K. Jahnkę
    Affiliation as printed

    Plaza de la Merced s/n , 37008 Salamanca , Spain

79. Murzy D. Jhabvala
    Affiliation as printed

    Plaza de la Merced s/n , 37008 Salamanca , Spain

80. Benjamin Joachimi

    The University of Tokyo

    Affiliation as printed

    The University of Tokyo , Kashiwa , Chiba 277-8583 , Japan

81. Elina Keihänen

    Centre de physique des particules de Marseille · The University of Tokyo

    Affiliation as printed

    The University of Tokyo , Kashiwa , Chiba 277-8583 , Japan

    CPPM - Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (163, avenue de Luminy - Case 902 - 13288 Marseille cedex 09 - France)

82. Smaïn Kermiche

    The University of Tokyo

    Affiliation as printed

    The University of Tokyo , Kashiwa , Chiba 277-8583 , Japan

83. A. Kiessling

    Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives · CEA Paris-Saclay - Etablissement de Saclay · Astrophysique, Instrumentation et Modélisation · CEA Paris-Saclay · The University of Tokyo

    Affiliation as printed

    The University of Tokyo , Kashiwa , Chiba 277-8583 , Japan

    AIM (UMR7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112) - Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM - UMR 7158 - UMR E 9005, ex 'Astrophysique Interactions Multi-échelles', Service d'astrophysique, CEA/Saclay, Orme des Merisiers F-91191 GIF SUR YVETTE CEDEX - France)

84. M. Kilbinger

    Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon

    Affiliation as printed

    Plaza de la Merced s/n , 37008 Salamanca , Spain

    IP2I Lyon - Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon (Campus LyonTech-la Doua Bâtiment Paul DIRAC 4 Rue Enrico Fermi 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex - France)

85. Bogna Kubik
    Affiliation as printed

    Plaza de la Merced s/n , 37008 Salamanca , Spain

86. Konrad H. Kuijken
    Affiliation as printed

    Plaza de la Merced s/n , 37008 Salamanca , Spain

87. M Kümmel

    The University of Tokyo

    Affiliation as printed

    The University of Tokyo , Kashiwa , Chiba 277-8583 , Japan

88. Martin Kunz

    The University of Tokyo

    Affiliation as printed

    The University of Tokyo , Kashiwa , Chiba 277-8583 , Japan

89. Hannu Kurki-Suonio

    The University of Tokyo

    Affiliation as printed

    The University of Tokyo , Kashiwa , Chiba 277-8583 , Japan

90. S. Ligori

    The University of Tokyo

    Affiliation as printed

    The University of Tokyo , Kashiwa , Chiba 277-8583 , Japan

91. V. Lindholm
    Affiliation as printed

    Plaza de la Merced s/n , 37008 Salamanca , Spain

92. Ivan Lloro
    Affiliation as printed

    Plaza de la Merced s/n , 37008 Salamanca , Spain