Search for the Anomalous Events Detected by ANITA Using the Pierre Auger Observatory
Physical Review Letters, vol. 134, pp. 121003
Abstract
A dedicated search for upward-going air showers at zenith angles exceeding 110° and energies E>0.1 EeV has been performed using the Fluorescence Detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory. The search is motivated by two "anomalous" radio pulses observed by the ANITA flights I and III that appear inconsistent with the standard model of particle physics. Using simulations of both regular cosmic-ray showers and upward-going events, a selection procedure has been defined to separate potential upward-going candidate events and the corresponding exposure has been calculated in the energy range [0.1-33] EeV. One event has been found in the search period between January 1, 2004, and December 31, 2018, consistent with an expected background of 0.27±0.12 events from misreconstructed cosmic-ray showers. This translates to an upper bound on the integral flux of (7.2±0.2)×10^{-21} cm^{-2} sr^{-1} y^{-1} and (3.6±0.2)×10^{-20} cm^{-2} sr^{-1} y^{-1} for an E^{-1} and E^{-2} spectrum, respectively. An upward-going flux of showers normalized to the ANITA observations is shown to predict over 34 events for an E^{-3} spectrum and over 8.1 events for a conservative E^{-5} spectrum, in strong disagreement with the interpretation of the anomalous events as upward-going showers.
Authors 96
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Affiliation as printed
University of Adelaide
University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Affiliation as printed
Universidade de Lisboa—UL
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National Institute for Astrophysics · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino · Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino
Affiliation as printed
INFN
Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (INAF)
INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (INAF), Torino, Italy
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Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas · Balseiro Institute · Bariloche Atomic Centre
Affiliation as printed
Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET)
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Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences
Affiliation as printed
Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN
Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Krakow, Poland
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National University of General San Martín · Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas · National Technological University · Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas
Affiliation as printed
Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM)
Universidad Tecnológica Nacional—Facultad Regional Buenos Aires
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Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso · Gran Sasso Science Institute
Affiliation as printed
Gran Sasso Science Institute
INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso
Gran Sasso Science Institute, L'Aquila, Italy
INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
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Universidade de Santiago de Compostela
Affiliation as printed
Universidade de Santiago de Compostela
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Universidade de Santiago de Compostela
Affiliation as printed
Universidade de Santiago de Compostela
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Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare · University of Catania · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Catania
Affiliation as printed
INFN
Università di Catania
INFN, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy
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City University of New York · Lehman College
Affiliation as printed
City University of New York
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Lehman College, City University of New York, Bronx, New York, USA
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National University of General San Martín · Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas · Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas
Affiliation as printed
Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM)
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Affiliation as printed
Universidade de Lisboa—UL
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University of Milan · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Milano
Affiliation as printed
INFN
Università di Milano
INFN, Sezione di Milano, Milano, Italy
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Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Napoli
Affiliation as printed
INFN
INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
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Affiliation as printed
RWTH Aachen University
RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
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Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino · University of Turin
Affiliation as printed
INFN
Università Torino
INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
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Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo
Affiliation as printed
Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo
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Affiliation as printed
Universidade de Lisboa—UL
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Pierre Auger Observatory · Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica
Affiliation as printed
Observatorio Pierre Auger and Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica
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Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso · University of L'Aquila
Affiliation as printed
INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso
Università dell’Aquila
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FZU ‒ Institute of Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic
Affiliation as printed
Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences
Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso · Gran Sasso Science Institute
Affiliation as printed
Gran Sasso Science Institute
INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso
Gran Sasso Science Institute, L'Aquila, Italy
INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
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Affiliation as printed
Colorado School of Mines
Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, USA
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The University of Adelaide · Universidad Nacional de San Agustin de Arequipa
Affiliation as printed
Universidad Nacional de San Agustin de Arequipa
University of Adelaide
Universidad Nacional de San Agustin de Arequipa, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Formales, Arequipa, Peru
University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules · Université Grenoble Alpes
Affiliation as printed
Univ. Grenoble Alpes
Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble Institute of Engineering Univ. Grenoble Alpes, LPSC-IN2P3, 38000 Grenoble, France
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Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino · University of Turin
Affiliation as printed
INFN
Università Torino
INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
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Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences
Affiliation as printed
Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN
Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Krakow, Poland
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Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino · University of Turin
Affiliation as printed
INFN
Università Torino
INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
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RWTH Aachen University · Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Paris-Saclay · National Institute for Astrophysics · Sorbonne Université · University of Milan · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules · Université Grenoble Alpes · University of Rome Tor Vergata · University of Wisconsin–Madison · University of Chicago · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Napoli · National University of General San Martín · International Center for Advanced Studies · National Institute for Subatomic Physics · University of Amsterdam · University of Delaware · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso · Laboratoire de Physique des 2 Infinis Irène Joliot-Curie · Jožef Stefan Institute · Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México · Universität Hamburg · Universidad de Granada · Universidade de Santiago de Compostela · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Milano · University of Palermo · Universidad de Buenos Aires · Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino · University of Turin · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Roma Tor Vergata · University of Wuppertal · Radboud University Nijmegen · Politecnico di Milano · Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP) · Charles University · Université Paris Cité · Université Libre de Bruxelles · Universidade de São Paulo · Karlsruhe Institute of Technology · The University of Adelaide · Vrije Universiteit Brussel · City University of New York · New York University · University of Naples Federico II · University of Lisbon · Michigan Technological University · LIP - Laboratory of Instrumentation and Experimental Particle Physics · Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas · Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences · Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies · Palacký University Olomouc · Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro · University of L'Aquila · FZU ‒ Institute of Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic · Case Western Reserve University · University of Siegen · Instituto Politécnico Nacional · Universidade Federal do ABC · Instituto Superior Técnico · National Technological University · Gran Sasso Science Institute · Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino · Balseiro Institute · Bariloche Atomic Centre · Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas · Lehman College · Pierre Auger Observatory · Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica · Horia Hulubei National Institute for R and D in Physics and Nuclear Engineering · University of Catania · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Catania · Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas · Instituto de Física La Plata · Universidad Nacional de La Plata · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Lecce · University of Salento · Institute of Astronomy and Space Physics · Universidade Federal Fluminense · Valongo Observatory · Instituto de Física de São Carlos · Colorado School of Mines · Universidade Federal do Paraná · Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo · Universidad Nacional de San Agustin de Arequipa · Institute of Physics Rosario · Instituto Federal do Rio de Janeiro · University of Nova Gorica · University of Łódź · Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy · Institute of Space Science - INFLPR Subsidiary · Industrial University of Santander · Federal Center for Technological Education Celso Suckow da Fonseca · Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana · Universidade Federal de Campina Grande · Institute of Scientific and Technical Research for Defense · Universidad de Medellín · Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica cosmica di Palermo · Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla
Affiliation as printed
"Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México
Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany
CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
Center for Astrophysics and Cosmology (CAC), University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica Celso Suckow da Fonseca, Petropolis, Brazil
Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics, Prague, Czech Republic
Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, USA
Departamento de Física and Departamento de Ciencias de la Atmósfera y los Océanos, FCEyN, Universidad de Buenos Aires and CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Lehman College, City University of New York, Bronx, New York, USA
Experimental Particle Physics Department, J. Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
Gran Sasso Science Institute, L'Aquila, Italy
IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
INFN, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy
INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
INFN, Sezione di Milano, Milano, Italy
INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
INFN, Sezione di Roma "Tor Vergata," Roma, Italy
INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Krakow, Poland
Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
Institute of Space Science, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio de Janeiro (IFRJ), Brazil
Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio (IAFE, CONICET-UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
Instituto de Física de Rosario (IFIR)-CONICET/U.N.R. and Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas U.N.R., Rosario, Argentina
Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), and Universidad Tecnológica Nacional-Facultad Regional Mendoza (CONICET/CNEA), Mendoza, Argentina
International Center of Advanced Studies and Instituto de Ciencias Físicas, ECyT-UNSAM and CONICET, Campus Miguelete-San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica di Palermo (INAF), Palermo, Italy
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institut für Prozessdatenverarbeitung und Elektronik, Karlsruhe, Germany
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Experimental Particle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, CNRS-IN2P3, Paris, France
Laboratorio Atmósfera-Departamento de Investigaciones en Láseres y sus Aplicaciones-UNIDEF (CITEDEF-CONICET), Argentina
Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal
Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, USA
Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
New York University, New York, New York, USA
Observatorio Pierre Auger and Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Malargüe, Argentina
Observatorio Pierre Auger, Malargüe, Argentina
Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (INAF), Torino, Italy
Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Aerospaziali, Milano, Italy
RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
Stichting Astronomisch Onderzoek in Nederland (ASTRON), Dwingeloo, The Netherlands
Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria en Ingeniería y Tecnologías Avanzadas del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (UPIITA-IPN), México, Mexico City, México
Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble Institute of Engineering Univ. Grenoble Alpes, LPSC-IN2P3, 38000 Grenoble, France
Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, México
Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacán, México
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, Mexico City, México
Universidad Nacional de San Agustin de Arequipa, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Formales, Arequipa, Peru
Universidad Tecnológica Nacional-Facultad Regional Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Universidad de Granada and C.A.F.P.E., Granada, Spain
Universidad de Medellín, Medellín, Colombia
Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), IFGW, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, Brazil
Universidade Federal Fluminense, EEIMVR, Volta Redonda, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Centro de Ciencias e Tecnologia, Campina Grande, Brazil
Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor Palotina, Palotina, Brazil
Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Observatório do Valongo, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Física, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Engenharia de Lorena, Lorena, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Física de São Carlos, São Carlos, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Física, São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Universiteit van Amsterdam, Faculty of Science, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
University of Chicago, Enrico Fermi Institute, Chicago, Illinois, USA
University of Delaware, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Bartol Research Institute, Newark, Delaware, USA
University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Physics and WIPAC, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
University of Łódź, Faculty of High-Energy Astrophysics,Łódź, Poland
Università Torino, Dipartimento di Fisica, Torino, Italy
Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi," Lecce, Italy
Università dell'Aquila, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, L'Aquila, Italy
Università di Catania, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "Ettore Majorana," Catania, Italy
Università di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Milano, Italy
Università di Napoli "Federico II," Dipartimento di Fisica "Ettore Pancini", Napoli, Italy
Università di Palermo, Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica "E. Segrè," Palermo, Italy
Università di Roma "Tor Vergata," Dipartimento di Fisica, Roma, Italy
Universität Hamburg, II. Institut für Theoretische Physik, Hamburg, Germany
Universität Siegen, Department Physik-Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Siegen, Germany
Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France
Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
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Affiliation as printed
Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas U.N.R
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National University of General San Martín · Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas · Karlsruhe Institute of Technology · Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas
Affiliation as printed
Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM)
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Experimental Particle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
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National Institute for Subatomic Physics · Radboud University Nijmegen
Affiliation as printed
Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF)
Radboud University Nijmegen
IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Affiliation as printed
Université Paris-Saclay
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FZU ‒ Institute of Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic
Affiliation as printed
Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences
Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules · Université Grenoble Alpes
Affiliation as printed
Univ. Grenoble Alpes
Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble Institute of Engineering Univ. Grenoble Alpes, LPSC-IN2P3, 38000 Grenoble, France
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Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
Affiliation as printed
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
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FZU ‒ Institute of Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic
Affiliation as printed
Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences
Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso · University of L'Aquila
Affiliation as printed
INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso
Università dell’Aquila
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International Center for Advanced Studies · Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro
Affiliation as printed
International Center of Advanced Studies and Instituto de Ciencias Físicas
Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro
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Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP)
Affiliation as printed
Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP)
Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), IFGW, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences
Affiliation as printed
Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN
Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Krakow, Poland
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RWTH Aachen University · Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Paris-Saclay · National Institute for Astrophysics · Sorbonne Université · University of Milan · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules · Université Grenoble Alpes · University of Rome Tor Vergata · University of Wisconsin–Madison · University of Chicago · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Napoli · National University of General San Martín · International Center for Advanced Studies · National Institute for Subatomic Physics · University of Amsterdam · University of Delaware · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso · Laboratoire de Physique des 2 Infinis Irène Joliot-Curie · Jožef Stefan Institute · Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México · Universität Hamburg · Universidad de Granada · Universidade de Santiago de Compostela · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Milano · University of Palermo · Universidad de Buenos Aires · Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino · University of Turin · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Roma Tor Vergata · University of Wuppertal · Radboud University Nijmegen · Politecnico di Milano · Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP) · Charles University · Université Paris Cité · Université Libre de Bruxelles · Universidade de São Paulo · Karlsruhe Institute of Technology · The University of Adelaide · Vrije Universiteit Brussel · City University of New York · New York University · University of Naples Federico II · University of Lisbon · Michigan Technological University · LIP - Laboratory of Instrumentation and Experimental Particle Physics · Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas · Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences · Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies · Palacký University Olomouc · Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro · University of L'Aquila · FZU ‒ Institute of Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic · Case Western Reserve University · University of Siegen · Instituto Politécnico Nacional · Universidade Federal do ABC · Instituto Superior Técnico · National Technological University · Gran Sasso Science Institute · Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino · Balseiro Institute · Bariloche Atomic Centre · Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas · Lehman College · Pierre Auger Observatory · Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica · Horia Hulubei National Institute for R and D in Physics and Nuclear Engineering · University of Catania · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Catania · Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas · Instituto de Física La Plata · Universidad Nacional de La Plata · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Lecce · University of Salento · Institute of Astronomy and Space Physics · Universidade Federal Fluminense · Valongo Observatory · Instituto de Física de São Carlos · Colorado School of Mines · Universidade Federal do Paraná · Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo · Universidad Nacional de San Agustin de Arequipa · Institute of Physics Rosario · Instituto Federal do Rio de Janeiro · University of Nova Gorica · University of Łódź · Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy · Institute of Space Science - INFLPR Subsidiary · Industrial University of Santander · Federal Center for Technological Education Celso Suckow da Fonseca · Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana · Universidade Federal de Campina Grande · Institute of Scientific and Technical Research for Defense · Universidad de Medellín · Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica cosmica di Palermo · Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla
Affiliation as printed
"Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México
Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany
CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
Center for Astrophysics and Cosmology (CAC), University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica Celso Suckow da Fonseca, Petropolis, Brazil
Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics, Prague, Czech Republic
Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, USA
Departamento de Física and Departamento de Ciencias de la Atmósfera y los Océanos, FCEyN, Universidad de Buenos Aires and CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Lehman College, City University of New York, Bronx, New York, USA
Experimental Particle Physics Department, J. Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
Gran Sasso Science Institute, L'Aquila, Italy
IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
INFN, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy
INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
INFN, Sezione di Milano, Milano, Italy
INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
INFN, Sezione di Roma "Tor Vergata," Roma, Italy
INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Krakow, Poland
Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
Institute of Space Science, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio de Janeiro (IFRJ), Brazil
Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio (IAFE, CONICET-UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
Instituto de Física de Rosario (IFIR)-CONICET/U.N.R. and Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas U.N.R., Rosario, Argentina
Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), and Universidad Tecnológica Nacional-Facultad Regional Mendoza (CONICET/CNEA), Mendoza, Argentina
International Center of Advanced Studies and Instituto de Ciencias Físicas, ECyT-UNSAM and CONICET, Campus Miguelete-San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica di Palermo (INAF), Palermo, Italy
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institut für Prozessdatenverarbeitung und Elektronik, Karlsruhe, Germany
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Experimental Particle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, CNRS-IN2P3, Paris, France
Laboratorio Atmósfera-Departamento de Investigaciones en Láseres y sus Aplicaciones-UNIDEF (CITEDEF-CONICET), Argentina
Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal
Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, USA
Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
New York University, New York, New York, USA
Observatorio Pierre Auger and Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Malargüe, Argentina
Observatorio Pierre Auger, Malargüe, Argentina
Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (INAF), Torino, Italy
Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Aerospaziali, Milano, Italy
RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
Stichting Astronomisch Onderzoek in Nederland (ASTRON), Dwingeloo, The Netherlands
Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria en Ingeniería y Tecnologías Avanzadas del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (UPIITA-IPN), México, Mexico City, México
Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble Institute of Engineering Univ. Grenoble Alpes, LPSC-IN2P3, 38000 Grenoble, France
Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, México
Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacán, México
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, Mexico City, México
Universidad Nacional de San Agustin de Arequipa, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Formales, Arequipa, Peru
Universidad Tecnológica Nacional-Facultad Regional Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Universidad de Granada and C.A.F.P.E., Granada, Spain
Universidad de Medellín, Medellín, Colombia
Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), IFGW, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, Brazil
Universidade Federal Fluminense, EEIMVR, Volta Redonda, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Centro de Ciencias e Tecnologia, Campina Grande, Brazil
Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor Palotina, Palotina, Brazil
Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Observatório do Valongo, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Física, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Engenharia de Lorena, Lorena, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Física de São Carlos, São Carlos, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Física, São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Universiteit van Amsterdam, Faculty of Science, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
University of Chicago, Enrico Fermi Institute, Chicago, Illinois, USA
University of Delaware, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Bartol Research Institute, Newark, Delaware, USA
University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Physics and WIPAC, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
University of Łódź, Faculty of High-Energy Astrophysics,Łódź, Poland
Università Torino, Dipartimento di Fisica, Torino, Italy
Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi," Lecce, Italy
Università dell'Aquila, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, L'Aquila, Italy
Università di Catania, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "Ettore Majorana," Catania, Italy
Università di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Milano, Italy
Università di Napoli "Federico II," Dipartimento di Fisica "Ettore Pancini", Napoli, Italy
Università di Palermo, Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica "E. Segrè," Palermo, Italy
Università di Roma "Tor Vergata," Dipartimento di Fisica, Roma, Italy
Universität Hamburg, II. Institut für Theoretische Physik, Hamburg, Germany
Universität Siegen, Department Physik-Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Siegen, Germany
Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France
Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
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National University of General San Martín · Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas · Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas
Affiliation as printed
Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM)
-
Affiliation as printed
RWTH Aachen University
RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
-
Affiliation as printed
Universidad de Granada
Universidad de Granada and C.A.F.P.E., Granada, Spain
-
Affiliation as printed
Vrije Universiteit Brussels
Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
-
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare · University of Palermo · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Catania
Affiliation as printed
INFN
Università di Palermo
INFN, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy
-
National University of General San Martín · Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas · Karlsruhe Institute of Technology · Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas
Affiliation as printed
Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM)
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Experimental Particle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
-
National Institute for Subatomic Physics · Radboud University Nijmegen
Affiliation as printed
Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF)
Radboud University Nijmegen
IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
-
Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas
Affiliation as printed
Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas
-
Universidade de Santiago de Compostela
Affiliation as printed
Universidade de Santiago de Compostela
-
University of Milan · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Milano
Affiliation as printed
INFN
Università di Milano
INFN, Sezione di Milano, Milano, Italy
-
Affiliation as printed
Bergische Universität Wuppertal
-
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare · University of Catania · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Catania
Affiliation as printed
INFN
Università di Catania
INFN, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy
-
National Institute for Astrophysics · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino · Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino
Affiliation as printed
INFN
Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (INAF)
INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (INAF), Torino, Italy
-
Affiliation as printed
Universidade de São Paulo
-
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Lecce
Affiliation as printed
INFN
INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
-
Universidade de Santiago de Compostela
Affiliation as printed
Universidade de Santiago de Compostela
-
Affiliation as printed
Observatorio Pierre Auger
-
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso · Gran Sasso Science Institute
Affiliation as printed
Gran Sasso Science Institute
INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso
Gran Sasso Science Institute, L'Aquila, Italy
INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
-
Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP)
Affiliation as printed
Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP)
Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), IFGW, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
-
FZU ‒ Institute of Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic
Affiliation as printed
Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences
Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
-
Affiliation as printed
Palacky University
Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
-
Affiliation as printed
University of Adelaide
University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
-
Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas · National Technological University
Affiliation as printed
Universidad Tecnológica Nacional—Facultad Regional Mendoza (CONICET/CNEA)
-
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Napoli · University of Naples Federico II
Affiliation as printed
INFN
Università di Napoli “Federico II
INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
-
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Lecce
Affiliation as printed
INFN
INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
-
Affiliation as printed
Universidade de Lisboa—UL
-
Affiliation as printed
Université Paris-Saclay
-
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Milano · Politecnico di Milano
Affiliation as printed
INFN
Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Aerospaziali
INFN, Sezione di Milano, Milano, Italy
Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Aerospaziali, Milano, Italy
-
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso · University of L'Aquila
Affiliation as printed
INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso
Università dell’Aquila
-
Universidade Federal Fluminense
Affiliation as printed
Universidade Federal Fluminense
Universidade Federal Fluminense, EEIMVR, Volta Redonda, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
-
Affiliation as printed
Universidade de Lisboa—UL
-
Case Western Reserve University
Affiliation as printed
Case Western Reserve University
Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
-
Affiliation as printed
Universität Siegen
-
Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas · Instituto de Física La Plata · Universidad Nacional de La Plata
Affiliation as printed
Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET
IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
-
Universidad de Buenos Aires · Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas · Institute of Astronomy and Space Physics
Affiliation as printed
Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio (IAFE, CONICET-UBA)
Universidad de Buenos Aires and CONICET
-
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
Affiliation as printed
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
-
Affiliation as printed
University of Adelaide
University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
-
Universidade Federal Fluminense
Affiliation as printed
Universidade Federal Fluminense
Universidade Federal Fluminense, EEIMVR, Volta Redonda, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
-
National University of General San Martín · Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas · Karlsruhe Institute of Technology · Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas
Affiliation as printed
Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM)
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
-
National Institute for Subatomic Physics · Radboud University Nijmegen
Affiliation as printed
Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF)
Radboud University Nijmegen
IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
-
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso · Gran Sasso Science Institute
Affiliation as printed
Gran Sasso Science Institute
INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso
Gran Sasso Science Institute, L'Aquila, Italy
INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
-
Affiliation as printed
Instituto Federal de Educação
-
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Lecce
Affiliation as printed
INFN
INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
-
Affiliation as printed
Universidade de São Paulo
-
Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro
Affiliation as printed
Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro
-
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Lecce · University of Salento
Affiliation as printed
INFN
Università del Salento
INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
-
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare · University of Catania · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Catania
Affiliation as printed
INFN
Università di Catania
INFN, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy
-
Affiliation as printed
Université Paris-Saclay
-
FZU ‒ Institute of Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic
Affiliation as printed
Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences
Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
-
National University of General San Martín · Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas · Karlsruhe Institute of Technology · Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas
Affiliation as printed
Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM)
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany
-
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino
Affiliation as printed
INFN
INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
-
Horia Hulubei National Institute for R and D in Physics and Nuclear Engineering
Affiliation as printed
“Horia Hulubei” National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering
"Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
-
Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP)
Affiliation as printed
Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP)
Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), IFGW, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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