Rainfall Variability Shapes Lion Movement and Home Range Dynamics in Three Kenyan Parks

African Journal of Ecology, vol. 63

Abstract

ABSTRACT Variation in climatic conditions is expected to impact the distribution and abundance of herbivore species, which may, in turn, influence African lions (Panthera leo) ranging behaviour. This necessitates proactive management of lion populations, as ecosystems may exhibit site‐specific responses to these variations. Using satellite and GPS‐GSM data from 10 lions collared in three different national parks in Kenya—Meru, Nairobi, and Lake Nakuru—we calculated monthly home ranges and distance moved and studied how these were influenced by rainfall. Across all parks, lions increased their distance moved with an increase in rainfall, and male lions covered larger distances than females. Model comparisons revealed that lions in Lake Nakuru significantly expanded their home ranges with higher rainfall compared to those in Nairobi; however, lions in Nairobi covered larger distances than those in Lake Nakuru. Lions in Meru had larger home ranges compared to the other two parks, but the effect of rainfall on their home range size and movement was not significantly different from the other two parks. Our results give insight into the site‐specific influence of rainfall on lion home range and movement across the parks. We call for prioritisation of conservation efforts and a site‐specific, tailored approach to lion conservation and management.

Authors 7

1. Mumbi Chege corresponding Aachen Institute of Environmental Sciences CML Leiden University Leiden CC The Netherlands

   Leiden University · Wildlife Research and Training Institute

   Affiliation as printed

   Institute of Environmental Sciences CML Leiden University Leiden CC The Netherlands

   Wildlife Research and Training Institute Naivasha Kenya

2. Miquel Torrents‐Ticó

   University of Helsinki

   Affiliation as printed

   Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science (HELSUS), Biological and Environmental Sciences Helsinki Finland

   Helsinki Lab of Interdisciplinary Conservation Science (HELICS), Department of Geosciences and Geography University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland

3. Laura D. Bertola

   National Centre for Biological Sciences

   Affiliation as printed

   National Centre for Biological Sciences (NCBS) Bangalore India

4. G.R. de Snoo Aachen Institute of Environmental Sciences CML Leiden University Leiden CC The Netherlands

   Leiden University · Netherlands Institute of Ecology

   Affiliation as printed

   Institute of Environmental Sciences CML Leiden University Leiden CC The Netherlands

   Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO‐KNAW) Wageningen Wageningen The Netherlands

5. M. van ‘t Zelfde Aachen Institute of Environmental Sciences CML Leiden University Leiden CC The Netherlands

   Leiden University

   Affiliation as printed

   Institute of Environmental Sciences CML Leiden University Leiden CC The Netherlands

6. C.J.M. Musters Aachen Institute of Environmental Sciences CML Leiden University Leiden CC The Netherlands

   Leiden University

   Affiliation as printed

   Institute of Environmental Sciences CML Leiden University Leiden CC The Netherlands

7. Hans H. de Iongh Aachen Institute of Environmental Sciences CML Leiden University Leiden CC The Netherlands

   Leiden University · University of Antwerp

   Affiliation as printed

   Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Department Biology University of Antwerp Antwerpen Belgium

   Institute of Environmental Sciences CML Leiden University Leiden CC The Netherlands