The LOFAR Two-metre Sky Survey: Deep Fields Data Release 2
Astronomy and Astrophysics, vol. 695, pp. A80
Abstract
We present the final 6″ resolution data release of the ELAIS-N1 field from the LOw-Frequency ARray (LOFAR) Two-metre Sky Survey Deep Fields project (LoTSS Deep). The 144 MHz images are the most sensitive achieved to date at this frequency and were created from 290 TB of data obtained from 505 h on-source observations taken over 7.5 years. The data were processed following the strategies developed for previous LoTSS and LoTSS Deep data releases. The resulting images span 24.53 square degrees, and using a refined source detection approach, we identified 154 952 radio sources formed from 182 184 Gaussian components within this area. The maps reach a noise level of 10.7 μJy beam−1 at 6″ resolution, where approximately half of the noise is due to source confusion. In about 7.4% of the image, our limited dynamic range around bright sources results in a further > 5% increase in the noise. The images have a flux density scale accuracy of about 9%, and the standard deviation of offsets between our source positions and those from Pan-STARRS is 0.2″ in RA and Dec for high significance detections. We searched individual epoch images for variable sources, identifying 39 objects with considerable variation. We also searched for circularly polarised sources, achieving three detections of previously known emitters (two stars and one pulsar) whilst constraining the typical polarisation fraction plus leakage to be less than 0.045%.
Authors 29
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Leiden University · Leiden Observatory · Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy
Affiliation as printed
ASTRON, The Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2 NL-7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands
Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, PO Box 9513 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
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University of Oxford · Royal Observatory · University of Edinburgh
Affiliation as printed
Astrophysics, University of Oxford, Denys Wilkinson Building, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK
Institute for Astronomy, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UK
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Royal Observatory · University of Edinburgh
Affiliation as printed
Institute for Astronomy, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UK
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Istituto di Radioastronomia di Bologna · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
INAF-Istituto di Radioastronomia, Via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
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Thüringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg
Affiliation as printed
Thüringer Landessternwarte, Sternwarte 5, D-07778 Tautenburg, Germany
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Affiliation as printed
Centre for Astrophysics Research, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, Herts AL10 9AB, UK
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Affiliation as printed
Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Royal Observatory · University of Edinburgh
Affiliation as printed
Institute for Astronomy, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UK
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Leiden University · Leiden Observatory
Affiliation as printed
Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, PO Box 9513 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Rhodes University · Université Paris Sciences et Lettres · Observatoire de Paris · Galaxies, Etoiles, Physique et Instrumentation
Affiliation as printed
Department of Physics & Electronics, Rhodes University, PO Box 94 Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
GEPI, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, 5 Place Jules Janssen, 92190 Meudon, France
GEPI - Galaxies, Etoiles, Physique, Instrumentation (5, place Jules Janssen 92195 MEUDON CEDEX - France)
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Leiden University · Leiden Observatory
Affiliation as printed
Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, PO Box 9513 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
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Affiliation as printed
SKA Observatory, Jodrell Bank, Lower Withington, Macclesfield SK11 9FT, United Kingdom
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Istituto di Radioastronomia di Bologna · National Institute for Astrophysics · University of Bologna
Affiliation as printed
DIFA – Università di Bologna, Via P. Gobetti 93, 40129 Bologna, Italy
INAF-Istituto di Radioastronomia, Via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
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Istituto di Radioastronomia di Bologna · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
INAF-Istituto di Radioastronomia, Via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
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Affiliation as printed
Hamburg Observatory, University of Hamburg, Gojenbergsweg 112, 21029 Hamburg, Germany
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Leiden University · Leiden Observatory · Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy
Affiliation as printed
ASTRON, The Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2 NL-7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands
Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, PO Box 9513 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
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Istituto di Radioastronomia di Bologna · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
INAF-Istituto di Radioastronomia, Via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
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Royal Observatory · University of Edinburgh
Affiliation as printed
Institute for Astronomy, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UK
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Chalmers University of Technology
Affiliation as printed
Chalmers University of Technology, Onsala Space Observatory, SE-43992, Onsala, Sweden
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Affiliation as printed
Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam, Postbus 94249 1090 GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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National Centre for Nuclear Research
Affiliation as printed
National Centre for Nuclear Research, Pasteura 7, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
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University of Concepción · Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy
Affiliation as printed
Astronomy Department, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, Concepción, Chile
Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy, Auf dem Hügel 69, 53121 Bonn, Germany
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Affiliation as printed
Centre for Extragalactic Astronomy, Department of Physics, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
Institute for Computational Cosmology, Department of Physics, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
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Istituto di Radioastronomia di Bologna · National Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
INAF-Istituto di Radioastronomia, Via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
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University of Amsterdam · Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy
Affiliation as printed
ASTRON, The Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2 NL-7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands
Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam, Postbus 94249 1090 GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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University of Groningen · University of Amsterdam · Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy
Affiliation as printed
ASTRON, The Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2 NL-7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands
Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam, Postbus 94249 1090 GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen, Landleven 12, 9747 AD Groningen, The Netherlands
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Affiliation as printed
Centre for Astrophysics Research, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, Herts AL10 9AB, UK
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Affiliation as printed
Centre for Extragalactic Astronomy, Department of Physics, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
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