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December 10, 2024 article Open access Aachen paper

System performance of a cryogenic test-bed for the time-division multiplexing readout for the NewAthena X-ray Integral Field Unit

Journal of Astronomical Telescopes Instruments and Systems, vol. 10, pp. 1–13

DOI: 10.1117/1.jatis.10.4.046002 Full text (OA) OpenAlex

Abstract

The X-ray Integral Field Unit (X-IFU) is an instrument of European Space Agency’s future NewAthena space observatory, with the goal to provide high-energy resolution (<4 eV at X-ray energies up to 7 keV) and high-spatial resolution (9 in.) spectroscopic imaging over the X-ray energy range from 200 eV to 12 keV, by means of an array of ∼1500 transition-edge sensors (TESs) read out via superconducting quantum interference device time-division multiplexing (TDM). A TDM-based laboratory test bed has been assembled at Netherlands Institute for Space Research, hosting an array of 75×75 μm2 TESs that are read out via 2-column × 32-row TDM. A system component that is critical to high-performance operation is the wiring harness that connects the room-temperature electronics to the cryogenic readout componentry. We report here on our characterization of such a test bed, whose harness has a length close to what was envisioned for X-IFU, which allowed us to achieve a co-added energy resolution at a level of 2.7-eV full width half maximum at 6 keV via 32-row readout. In addition, we provide an outlook on the integration of TDM readout into the X-IFU focal plane assembly development model.

Authors 23

  1. Davide Vaccaro corresponding Aachen SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research NWO-I/SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research

    NWO-I · Space Research Organisation Netherlands

    Affiliation as printed

    SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research

    NWO-I (Denmark)

    NWO-I/SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research, Leiden, The Netherlands

  2. Jan van der Kuur Aachen SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research NWO-I/SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research

    Dutch Research Council · NWO-I · Space Research Organisation Netherlands

    Affiliation as printed

    SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research

    NWO-I (Netherlands)

    NWO-I/SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research, Groningen, The Netherlands

  3. Paul van der Hulst Aachen SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research NWO-I/SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research

    Dutch Research Council · NWO-I · Space Research Organisation Netherlands

    Affiliation as printed

    SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research

    NWO-I (Netherlands)

    NWO-I/SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research, Leiden, The Netherlands

  4. Tobias Vos Aachen SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research NWO-I/SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research

    Dutch Research Council · NWO-I · Space Research Organisation Netherlands

    Affiliation as printed

    SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research

    NWO-I (Netherlands)

    NWO-I/SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research, Leiden, The Netherlands

  5. Luciano G. Gottardi Aachen SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research NWO-I/SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research

    Dutch Research Council · NWO-I · Space Research Organisation Netherlands

    Affiliation as printed

    SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research

    NWO-I (Netherlands)

    NWO-I/SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research, Leiden, The Netherlands

  6. K. Ravensberg Aachen SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research NWO-I/SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research

    Dutch Research Council · NWO-I · Space Research Organisation Netherlands

    Affiliation as printed

    SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research

    NWO-I (Netherlands)

    NWO-I/SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research, Leiden, The Netherlands

  7. E. Taralli Aachen SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research NWO-I/SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research

    Dutch Research Council · NWO-I · Space Research Organisation Netherlands

    Affiliation as printed

    SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research

    NWO-I (Netherlands)

    NWO-I/SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research, Leiden, The Netherlands

  8. S. R. Bandler

    Goddard Space Flight Center · National Aeronautics and Space Administration

    Affiliation as printed

    NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr

    NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, United States

  9. D. A. Bennett

    National Institute of Standards and Technology

    Affiliation as printed

    National Institute of Standards and Technology

    National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado, United States

  10. James A. Chervenak

    Goddard Space Flight Center · National Aeronautics and Space Administration

    Affiliation as printed

    NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr

    NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, United States

  11. William Bertrand Doriese

    National Institute of Standards and Technology

    Affiliation as printed

    National Institute of Standards and Technology

    National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado, United States

  12. Malcolm Durkin

    National Institute of Standards and Technology · University of Colorado Boulder

    Affiliation as printed

    National Institute of Standards and Technology

    National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado, United States

    Univ. of Colorado Boulder (United States)

  13. J. Gard

    National Institute of Standards and Technology · University of Colorado Boulder

    Affiliation as printed

    National Institute of Standards and Technology

    National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado, United States

    Univ. of Colorado Boulder (United States)

  14. C. D. Reintsema

    National Institute of Standards and Technology

    Affiliation as printed

    National Institute of Standards and Technology

    National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado, United States

  15. Kazuhiro Sakai

    Goddard Space Flight Center · University of Maryland, Baltimore County

    Affiliation as printed

    Univ. of Maryland, Baltimore County

    CSST University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland, United States

    NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr. (United States)

  16. Stephen James Smith

    Goddard Space Flight Center · National Aeronautics and Space Administration

    Affiliation as printed

    NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr

    NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, United States

  17. Joel N. Ullom

    National Institute of Standards and Technology · University of Colorado Boulder

    Affiliation as printed

    National Institute of Standards and Technology

    National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado, United States

    Univ. of Colorado Boulder (United States)

  18. Nicholas A. Wakeham

    Goddard Space Flight Center · University of Maryland, Baltimore County

    Affiliation as printed

    Univ. of Maryland, Baltimore County

    CSST University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland, United States

    NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr. (United States)

  19. Jan-Willem A. den Herder Aachen SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research NWO-I/SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research

    Dutch Research Council · NWO-I · Space Research Organisation Netherlands · University of Amsterdam

    Affiliation as printed

    SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research

    NWO-I (Netherlands)

    NWO-I/SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research, Leiden, The Netherlands

    Univ. of Amsterdam (Netherlands)

  20. P. Khosropanah Aachen SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research NWO-I/SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research

    Dutch Research Council · NWO-I · Space Research Organisation Netherlands

    Affiliation as printed

    SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research

    NWO-I (Netherlands)

    NWO-I/SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research, Leiden, The Netherlands

  21. J. R. Gao Aachen SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research NWO-I/SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research

    Dutch Research Council · NWO-I · Space Research Organisation Netherlands

    Affiliation as printed

    SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research

    NWO-I (Netherlands)

    NWO-I/SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research, Leiden, The Netherlands

  22. Peter Roelfsema Aachen SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research NWO-I/SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research

    Dutch Research Council · NWO-I · Space Research Organisation Netherlands

    Affiliation as printed

    SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research

    NWO-I (Netherlands)

    NWO-I/SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research, Groningen, The Netherlands

  23. A. Simionescu Aachen SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research NWO-I/SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research

    Dutch Research Council · NWO-I · Space Research Organisation Netherlands

    Affiliation as printed

    SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research

    NWO-I (Netherlands)

    NWO-I/SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research, Leiden, The Netherlands

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References 25