Transdiagnostic alterations in white matter microstructure associated with suicidal thoughts and behaviours in the ENIGMA Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviours consortium
Abstract
Abstract Previous studies have suggested that alterations in white matter (WM) microstructure are implicated in suicidal thoughts and behaviours (STBs). However, findings of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) studies have been inconsistent. In this large-scale mega-analysis conducted by the ENIGMA Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviours (ENIGMA-STB) consortium, we examined WM alterations associated with STBs. Data processing was standardised across sites, and resulting WM microstructure measures (fractional anisotropy, axial diffusivity, mean diffusivity and radial diffusivity) for 25 WM tracts were pooled across 40 cohorts. We compared these measures among individuals with a psychiatric diagnosis and lifetime history of suicide attempt ( n =652; mean age=35.4±14.7; female=71.8%), individuals with a psychiatric diagnosis but no STB (i.e., clinical controls; n =1871; mean age=34±14.8; female=59.8%), and individuals with no mental disorder diagnosis and no STB (i.e., healthy controls; n =642; mean age=29.6±13.1; female=62.9%). We also compared these measures among individuals with recent suicidal ideation ( n =714; mean age=36.3±15.3; female=66.1%), clinical controls ( n =1184; mean age=36.8±15.6; female=63.1%), and healthy controls ( n =1240; mean age= 31.6±15.5; female=61.0%). We found subtle but statistically significant effects, such as lower fractional anisotropy associated with a history of suicide attempt, over and above the effect of psychiatric diagnoses. These effects were strongest in the corona radiata, thalamic radiation, fornix/stria terminalis, corpus callosum and superior longitudinal fasciculus. Effect sizes were small (Cohen’s d < 0.25). Recent suicidal ideation was not associated with alterations in WM microstructure. This large-scale coordinated mega-analysis revealed subtle regional and global alterations in WM microstructure in individuals with a history of suicide attempt. Longitudinal studies are needed to confirm whether these alterations are a risk factor for suicidal behaviour.
Authors 96
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Laura S. van Velzen corresponding
The University of Melbourne · Orygen
Affiliation as printed
Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
Orygen, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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Yale University · Jena University Hospital · Deutsches Zentrum für Psychische Gesundheit
Affiliation as printed
DZPG (German Center for Mental Health), partner site Halle/Jena/Magdeburg
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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The University of Queensland · QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute
Affiliation as printed
QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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University of Cambridge · University of Birmingham
Affiliation as printed
Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
Institute for Mental Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Affiliation as printed
Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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Affiliation as printed
Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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The University of Melbourne · Orygen · Erasmus University Rotterdam
Affiliation as printed
Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, the Netherlands
Orygen, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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Deakin University · The University of Melbourne
Affiliation as printed
Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
School of Psychology, Deakin University, Victoria, Australia
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University of Southern California
Affiliation as printed
Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
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Affiliation as printed
Regeneron Genetics Center, Tarrytown, NY, USA
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University of Southern California
Affiliation as printed
Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
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University of Oslo · Region Stockholm · Karolinska Institutet · Diakonhjemmet Hospital · Stockholm Health Care Services
Affiliation as printed
Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Ne
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Philipps University of Marburg
Affiliation as printed
Center for Mind, Brain, and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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Universidad de Cantabria · Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital · Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla
Affiliation as printed
Department of Psychiatry. Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, IDIVAL, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
Department of Psychiatry, Marqus de Valdecilla University Hospital, IDIVAL, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
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National Institutes of Health · National Institute of Mental Health
Affiliation as printed
Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD, USA
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Affiliation as printed
Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Clinical Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation Department, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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Affiliation as printed
Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Munster, Munster, Germany
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Affiliation as printed
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Affiliation as printed
Clinic for Radiology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
Clinic for Radiology, University Hospital Munster, Munster, Germany
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IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele · Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico San Raffaele
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Division of Neuroscience, Psychiatry and Psychobiology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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Affiliation as printed
Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Munster, Munster, Germany
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Jena University Hospital · Deutsches Zentrum für Psychische Gesundheit
Affiliation as printed
DZPG (German Center for Mental Health), partner site Halle/Jena/Magdeburg
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
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Feinstein Institute for Medical Research · Philipps University of Marburg
Affiliation as printed
Center for Mind, Brain, and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
Institute of Behavioral Sciences, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
Institute of Behavioral Sciences, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhass
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Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental · Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla · Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío · Universidad de Sevilla
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Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS)/HUVR/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla. CIBERSAM (ISCIII)
Mental Health Service, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain
Mental Health Service, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Sevilla, Spain
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Uppsala University · Region Stockholm · Karolinska Institutet · Stockholm Health Care Services
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Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
Department of Medical Sciences, Psychiatry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Inserm · Université Paris-Saclay · Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris · Centre de recherche en Epidémiologie et Santé des Populations · Bicêtre Hospital
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MOODS Team, INSERM 1018, CESP, Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Saclay, Service Hospitalo-Universitaire de Psychiatrie de Bicêtre, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Saclay, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, F-94275, France
MOODS Team, INSERM 1018, CESP, Universite Paris-Saclay, Faculte de Medecine Paris-Saclay, Service Hospitalo-Universitaire de Psychiatrie de Bicetre, Assistance Publique-Hpitaux de Paris, Hopitaux, Universitaires Paris-Saclay, Hospital de Bicetre, Le Kreml
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Affiliation as printed
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
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Inserm · Université Paris-Saclay · Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris · Centre de recherche en Epidémiologie et Santé des Populations · Bicêtre Hospital
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MOODS Team, INSERM 1018, CESP, Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Saclay, Service Hospitalo-Universitaire de Psychiatrie de Bicêtre, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Saclay, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, F-94275, France
MOODS Team, INSERM 1018, CESP, Universite Paris Saclay, Faculte de Medecine Paris Saclay, Service Hospitalo Universitaire de Psychiatrie de Bicetre, Assistance Publique Hospitaux de Paris, Hopitaux, Universitaires Paris Saclay, Hospital de Bicetre, Le Kre
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Inserm · Hôpital Lapeyronie · Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle
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Department of Emergency Psychiatry and Acute Care, Lapeyronie Hospital, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
IGF, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies du numérique · Inserm · The University of Queensland · Sorbonne Université · Institut des Sciences Moléculaires · Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris · Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital · Institut du Cerveau · Institute for Molecular Bioscience
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Institute for Molecular Bioscience, the University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
Sorbonne University, Paris Brain Institute - ICM, CNRS, Inria, Inserm, AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, F-75013, Paris, France
Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
Sorbonne University, Paris Brain Institute - ICM, CNRS, Inria, Inserm, AP-HP, Hospital de la Pitie Salpetriere, F 75013, Paris, France
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Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas · Instituto de Salud Carlos III · Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental · Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla · Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío · Universidad de Sevilla
Affiliation as printed
Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS)/HUVR/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla. CIBERSAM (ISCIII)
Mental Health Service, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain
Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Salud Mental, Instituto de Salud Ca
Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS)/HUVR/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, CIBERSAM (ISCIII)
Mental Health Service, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Sevilla, Spain
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Affiliation as printed
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Affiliation as printed
Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Munster, Munster, Germany
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Université de Montpellier · Hôpital Gui de Chauliac
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Department of Neuroradiology, Gui de Chauliac Hospital and University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
Institut d'Imagerie Fonctionnelle Humaine, I2FH, Department of Neuroradiology, Gui de Chauliac Hospital and University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
Institut dImagerie Fonctionnelle Humaine, I2FH, Department of Neuroradiology, Gui de Chauliac Hospital and University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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University of California, Los Angeles · Universidad de Antioquia
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Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics,Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Behavior David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles
Research Group in Psychiatry GIPSI, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, Columbia
Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles
Research Group in Psychiatry GIPSI, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de An
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Affiliation as printed
Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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National Institutes of Health · National Institute of Mental Health
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Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD, USA
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Affiliation as printed
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Affiliation as printed
Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Munster, Munster, Germany
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University of Colorado Boulder
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Institute for Behavioral Genetics and Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
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Affiliation as printed
Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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Affiliation as printed
Department of Psychiatry & Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Affiliation as printed
Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Munster, Munster, Germany
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Affiliation as printed
Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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Washington University in St. Louis
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Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis
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Affiliation as printed
Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Munster, Munster, Germany
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Affiliation as printed
The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Kanazawa University · University of Fukui · Hamamatsu University · Chiba University · The University of Osaka
Affiliation as printed
Research Center for Child Mental Development, Chiba University
United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University, Chiba University and University of Fukui
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University of California, Los Angeles
Affiliation as printed
Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Affiliation as printed
Department of Cognitive Behavioral Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University
Research Center for Child Mental Development, Chiba University
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Affiliation as printed
The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Affiliation as printed
Department of Psychiatry & Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Østfold University of Applied Sciences · Universidade Federal de São Paulo
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Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil
Østfold University College Department of Education, ICT and Learning, Halden, Norway
Ostfold University College Department of Education, ICT and Learning, Halden, Norway
Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Inserm · Université Paris Cité · Université Paris-Saclay · Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris · Centre de recherche en Epidémiologie et Santé des Populations · Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nîmes · Bicêtre Hospital · McGill University
Affiliation as printed
Department of psychiatry, CHU Nîmes, Nîmes, France
Department of psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
Faculty of medicine, University Paris-Saclay & Bicetre hospital, APHP, Le Kremlin-Bicetre, France
MOODS Team, INSERM 1018, CESP, Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Saclay, Service Hospitalo-Universitaire de Psychiatrie de Bicêtre, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Saclay, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, F-94275, France
Bicetre, France
Department of Psychiatry, CHU Nimes, Nimes, France
Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
Faculty of Medicine, University Paris
MOODS Team, INSERM 1018, CESP, Universit
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Philipps University of Marburg
Affiliation as printed
Center for Mind, Brain, and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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Affiliation as printed
Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Munster, Munster, Germany
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Affiliation as printed
Department of Psychiatry & Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Affiliation as printed
Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Munster, Munster, Germany
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Philipps University of Marburg · University Hospital Bonn
Affiliation as printed
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Université de Montpellier · Hôpital Gui de Chauliac
Affiliation as printed
Department of Neuroradiology, Gui de Chauliac Hospital and University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
Institut d'Imagerie Fonctionnelle Humaine, I2FH, Department of Neuroradiology, Gui de Chauliac Hospital and University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
Institut dImagerie Fonctionnelle Humaine, I2FH, Department of Neuroradiology, Gui de Chauliac Hospital and University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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Affiliation as printed
Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Munster, Munster, Germany
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Jena University Hospital · Deutsches Zentrum für Psychische Gesundheit
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DZPG (German Center for Mental Health), partner site Halle/Jena/Magdeburg
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
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The University of Texas at Austin
Affiliation as printed
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin
University of Texas at Austin
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Affiliation as printed
Research Group in Psychiatry GIPSI, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, Columbia
Research Group in Psychiatry GIPSI, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
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Affiliation as printed
Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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Harvard University · University of Oregon
Affiliation as printed
Ballmer Institute for Children's Behavioral Health, University of Oregon
Department of Psychology, Harvard University
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Affiliation as printed
Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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Affiliation as printed
Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Munster, Munster, Germany
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IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele · Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico San Raffaele
Affiliation as printed
Division of Neuroscience, Psychiatry and Psychobiology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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Affiliation as printed
Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
Affiliation as printed
Louis A. Faillace, MD, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
UTHealth Houston School of Behavioral Health Sciences
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Philipps University of Marburg
Affiliation as printed
Center for Mind, Brain, and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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University of Oslo · Diakonhjemmet Hospital
Affiliation as printed
Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Inserm · Hôpital Lapeyronie · Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle
Affiliation as printed
Department of Emergency Psychiatry and Acute Care, Lapeyronie Hospital, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
IGF, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
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Universidad de Cantabria · Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital · Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla
Affiliation as printed
Department of Psychiatry. Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, IDIVAL, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
Department of Psychiatry, Marques de Valdecilla University Hospital, IDIVAL, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
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Universidade Federal de São Paulo
Affiliation as printed
Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil
Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nîmes · Université de Nîmes
Affiliation as printed
Division for clinical research and innovation, University Hospital Center of Nimes, Nimes, France
MIPA, Université de Nîmes, Nimes, France
MIPA, Universite de Nimes, Nimes, France
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University of Colorado Boulder · IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele · Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico San Raffaele
Affiliation as printed
Division of Neuroscience, Psychiatry and Psychobiology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
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University of Colorado Boulder · UNSW Sydney
Affiliation as printed
Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas · University of Cambridge · UNSW Sydney · Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental · Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla · Universidad de Sevilla
Affiliation as printed
Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS)/HUVR/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, CIBERSAM (ISCIII)
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Harvard University · University of Cambridge · Massachusetts General Hospital · Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental · Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla · Universidad de Sevilla
Affiliation as printed
Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS)/HUVR/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla. CIBERSAM (ISCIII)
Meditation Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul · Harvard University · Massachusetts General Hospital · Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre · Child Mind Institute
Affiliation as printed
Meditation Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
Child Mind Institute, New York
Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul · University of Aberdeen · Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre · Child Mind Institute
Affiliation as printed
Child Mind Institute, New York
Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre - Porto Alegre, Brazil
Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
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University of Aberdeen · Region Stockholm · Karolinska Institutet · Stockholm Health Care Services
Affiliation as printed
Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Kanazawa University · University of Fukui · Hamamatsu University · Chiba University · Region Stockholm · Karolinska Institutet · Stockholm Health Care Services · The University of Osaka
Affiliation as printed
Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
Department of Cognitive Behavioral Physiolo
Research Center for Child Mental Development, Chiba University
United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University, Chiba University and University of Fukui
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Kanazawa University · University of Fukui · Hamamatsu University · Chiba University · University of Colorado Boulder · The University of Osaka
Affiliation as printed
Department of Cognitive Behavioral Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University
Research Center for Child Mental Development, Chiba University
United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University, Chiba University and University of Fukui
Institute for Cognitive Science, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
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University of Colorado Boulder · The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
Affiliation as printed
Institute for Cognitive Science, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
Louis A. Faillace, MD, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
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Baylor College of Medicine · Fondazione Santa Lucia · The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
Affiliation as printed
Louis A. Faillace, MD, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
UTHealth Houston School of Behavioral Health Sciences
Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Clinical Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation Department, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy
Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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University of Dundee · Baylor College of Medicine · Fondazione Santa Lucia
Affiliation as printed
Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Clinical Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation Department, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy
Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
Division of Imaging Science and Technology, Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
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Philipps University of Marburg · University of Dundee
Affiliation as printed
Division of Imaging Science and Technology, Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee UK
Center for Mind, Brain, and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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South African Medical Research Council · University of Cape Town · Philipps University of Marburg
Affiliation as printed
Center for Mind, Brain, and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
SAMRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry & Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town
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South African Medical Research Council · University of Cape Town · Philipps University of Marburg
Affiliation as printed
SAMRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry & Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town
Center for Mind, Brain, and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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Philipps University of Marburg
Affiliation as printed
Center for Mind, Brain, and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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Philipps University of Marburg
Affiliation as printed
Center for Mind, Brain, and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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Philipps University of Marburg
Affiliation as printed
Center for Mind, Brain, and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Inserm · Philipps University of Marburg · Sorbonne Université · Institut du Cerveau
Affiliation as printed
Center for Mind, Brain, and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
Centre de Neuro-Imagerie de Recherche, CENIR, ICM, Paris, France
Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle epiniere, ICM, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universite, Paris, France