Ti3C2Tx MXene deposition: A simple surface engineering technique for dual enhancement of biological functions for nonbearing applications

Materials Today Communications, vol. 41, pp. 110576

Abstract

Implant-associated complications, such as infection and poor osseointegration, present significant challenges in the field of biomedical implants. To address these issues, it is crucial to develop implant surfaces that possess both bacteriostatic and osteoconductive properties. In recent years, the field of surface modification for metallic substrates using two-dimensional materials has emerged as a highly promising strategy to enhance their biological properties. Among these materials, MXenes stand out as an excellent candidate for surface modifications due to their unique properties, such as biocompatibility, high specific surface area, and tunable chemical composition. In the present study, we introduce a simple deposition method of Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene films on SS316L substrates to improve surface-cell interactions. The differentiation study demonstrated the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) enzyme activity on Ti 3 C 2 T x -MXene-coated samples without osteogenic medium compared to uncoated samples in both, basic and osteogenic media. Moreover, the bacteriostatic character of the deposited MXene-coatings was confirmed against Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus as well as Gram-negative Escherichia coli bacteria. The improved stimulation of both cell osteogenic differentiation and distinctive antimicrobial features triggered by Ti 3 C 2 T x -MXene-coatings emphasizes their great potential as implant surface modifiers to improve integration and reduce the risk of infection in various biomedical applications. • Simple method for multifunctionalization of biomedical implants. • Homogeneous Ti 3 C 2 T x -MXene nanofilms on metal substrates. • Ti 3 C 2 T x -MXene trigger hMSC’ osteogenic differentiation indicating potential for application in bone-regeneration. • Antibacterial behavior against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.

Authors 10

1. Karolina Schickle corresponding

   Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen

   Affiliation as printed

   Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Schlangenzahl 14, Gießen 35392, Germany

2. Nima Amousa Aachen Department of Ceramics Institute of Mineral Engineering (GHI)

   RWTH Aachen University

   Affiliation as printed

   Department of Ceramics, Institute of Mineral Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 33, Aachen 52074, Germany

3. Iwona Pudełko

   AGH University of Krakow

   Affiliation as printed

   Department of Biomaterials and Composites, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, al. Mickiewicza 30, Kraków 30-059, Poland

4. Małgorzata Krok−Borkowicz

   AGH University of Krakow

   Affiliation as printed

   Department of Biomaterials and Composites, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, al. Mickiewicza 30, Kraków 30-059, Poland

5. Elżbieta Pamuła

   AGH University of Krakow

   Affiliation as printed

   Department of Biomaterials and Composites, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, al. Mickiewicza 30, Kraków 30-059, Poland

6. Adrian Chlanda

   Łukasiewicz Research Network - Institute of Microelectronics and Photonics

   Affiliation as printed

   Łukasiewicz Research Network - Institute of Microelectronics and Photonics, Flake Graphene Research Group, Aleja Lotników 32/46, Warsaw 02-668, Poland

7. Agata Romanowska

   Łukasiewicz Research Network - Institute of Microelectronics and Photonics

   Affiliation as printed

   Łukasiewicz Research Network - Institute of Microelectronics and Photonics, Flake Graphene Research Group, Aleja Lotników 32/46, Warsaw 02-668, Poland

8. Alicja Kazek‐Kęsik

   Silesian University of Technology

   Affiliation as printed

   Silesian University of Technology, Biotechnology Centre, Krzywoustego Str. 8, Gliwice 44-100, Poland

   Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, B. Krzywoustego Str. 6, Gliwice 44-100, Poland

9. Kamil Drożdż

   Jagiellonian University

   Affiliation as printed

   Department of Molecular Medical Microbiology, Chair of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow 31-121, Poland

10. Jesus Gonzalez-Julian Aachen Department of Ceramics Institute of Mineral Engineering (GHI)

    RWTH Aachen University

    Affiliation as printed

    Department of Ceramics, Institute of Mineral Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 33, Aachen 52074, Germany

    RWTH Aachen - RWTH Aachen University = Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen (RWTH Aachen – Templergraben 55 – 52062 Aachen (Hausanschrift) – 52056 Aachen (Postanschrift) – Deutschland - Germany)