A conceptual framework for landscape-based environmental risk assessment (ERA) of pesticides
Environment International, vol. 191, pp. 108999
Abstract
While pesticide use is subject to strict regulatory oversight worldwide, it remains a main concern for environmental protection, including biodiversity conservation. This is partly due to the current regulatory approach that relies on separate assessments for each single pesticide, crop use, and non-target organism group at local scales. Such assessments tend to overlook the combined effects of overall pesticide usage at larger spatial scales. Integrative landscape-based approaches are emerging, enabling the consideration of agricultural management, the environmental characteristics, and the combined effects of pesticides applied in a same or in different crops within an area. These developments offer the opportunity to deliver informative risk predictions relevant for different decision contexts including their connection to larger spatial scales and to combine environmental risks of pesticides, with those from other environmental stressors. We discuss the needs, challenges, opportunities and available tools for implementing landscape-based approaches for prospective and retrospective pesticide Environmental Risk Assessments (ERA). A set of "building blocks" that emerged from the discussions have been integrated into a conceptual framework. The framework includes elements to facilitate its implementation, in particular: flexibility to address the needs of relevant users and stakeholders; means to address the inherent complexity of environmental systems; connections to make use of and integrate data derived from monitoring programs; and options for validation and approaches to facilitate future use in a regulatory context. The conceptual model can be applied to existing ERA methodologies, facilitating its comparability, and highlighting interoperability drivers at landscape level. The benefits of landscape-based pesticide ERA extend beyond regulation. Linking and validating risk predictions with relevant environmental impacts under a solid science-based approach will support the setting of protection goals and the formulation of sustainable agricultural strategies. Moreover, landscape ERA offers a communication tool on realistic pesticide impacts in a multistressors environment for stakeholders and citizens.
Authors 30
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Instituto de Salud Carlos III · Centro Nacional de Sanidad Ambiental
Affiliation as printed
Spanish National Environmental Health Center, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: jtarazona@isciii.es
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Instituto de Salud Carlos III · Centro Nacional de Sanidad Ambiental
Affiliation as printed
Spanish National Environmental Health Center, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: malba@isciii.es
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Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement · Écologie Fonctionnelle et Écotoxicologie des Agroécosystèmes
Affiliation as printed
French Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE), Functional Ecology and Ecotoxicology of Agroecosystems, ECOSYS, Palaiseau, France
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Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement · Écologie Fonctionnelle et Écotoxicologie des Agroécosystèmes
Affiliation as printed
French Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE), Functional Ecology and Ecotoxicology of Agroecosystems, ECOSYS, Palaiseau, France
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Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement · Écologie Fonctionnelle et Écotoxicologie des Agroécosystèmes
Affiliation as printed
French Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE), Functional Ecology and Ecotoxicology of Agroecosystems, ECOSYS, Palaiseau, France
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Office Français de la Biodiversité
Affiliation as printed
French Agency for Biodiversity (OFB), Direction de la Recherche et de l'Appui Scientifique (DRAS), Vincennes, France
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Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement · Laboratoire d'étude des Interactions Sol - Agrosystème - Hydrosystème
Affiliation as printed
French Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE), Soil-Agrosystem-Hydrosystem Interaction Lab (LISAH) Montpellier Cedex, France. Electronic address: cecile.dages@inrae.fr
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European Food Safety Authority
Affiliation as printed
European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), Parma, Italy
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Instituto de Salud Carlos III · Centro Nacional de Sanidad Ambiental
Affiliation as printed
Spanish National Environmental Health Center, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: ana.fernandez@isciii.es
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Affiliation as printed
Research Center Environmental Systems Research, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany
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Instituto de Salud Carlos III · Centro Nacional de Sanidad Ambiental
Affiliation as printed
Spanish National Environmental Health Center, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: mcgonzalez@isciii.es
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Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research · RWTH Aachen University
Affiliation as printed
Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), System-Ecotoxicology, Leipzig, Germany; RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental Research, Aachen, Germany
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Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar · University of Aveiro
Affiliation as printed
Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
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Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas · Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos
Affiliation as printed
Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC), UCLM-CSIC-JCCM, Ciudad Real, Spain
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Affiliation as printed
NIVA Denmark Water Research, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement · Écologie Fonctionnelle et Écotoxicologie des Agroécosystèmes
Affiliation as printed
French Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE), Functional Ecology and Ecotoxicology of Agroecosystems, ECOSYS, Palaiseau, France
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Affiliation as printed
Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Affiliation as printed
Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45141, Essen, Germany; Research Centre One Health Ruhr, Research Alliance Ruhr, Germany
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UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology
Affiliation as printed
UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Wallingford, UK
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Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research
Affiliation as printed
Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), System-Ecotoxicology, Leipzig, Germany
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Laboratório Associado TERRA · University of Coimbra
Affiliation as printed
Centre for Functional Ecology (CFE), TERRA Associate Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology
Affiliation as printed
UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Wallingford, UK
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Office Français de la Biodiversité
Affiliation as printed
French Agency for Biodiversity (OFB), Direction de la Recherche et de l'Appui Scientifique (DRAS), Vincennes, France
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Affiliation as printed
Social-Ecological Systems Simulation Centre, Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement · Laboratoire d'étude des Interactions Sol - Agrosystème - Hydrosystème
Affiliation as printed
French Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE), Soil-Agrosystem-Hydrosystem Interaction Lab (LISAH) Montpellier Cedex, France. Electronic address: marc.voltz@inrae.fr
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Affiliation as printed
Swedish Chemicals Agency, Sundbyberg, Sweden
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Federal Office for the Environment
Affiliation as printed
Federal Office for the Environment, FOEN, Bern, Switzerland
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Affiliation as printed
German Environment Agency (UBA), Dessau, Leipzig, Germany
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Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire de l’Alimentation, de l’Environnement et du Travail
Affiliation as printed
Regulated Products Assessment Directorate, Anses (French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety), Maisons-Alfort, France
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European Food Safety Authority
Affiliation as printed
European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), Parma, Italy
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