Consensus for experimental design in electromyography (CEDE) project: Application of EMG to estimate muscle force
Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology, vol. 79, pp. 102910
Abstract
Skeletal muscles power movement. Deriving the forces produced by individual muscles has applications across various fields including biomechanics, robotics, and rehabilitation. Since direct in vivo measurement of muscle force in humans is invasive and challenging, its estimation through non-invasive methods such as electromyography (EMG) holds considerable appeal. This matrix, developed by the Consensus for Experimental Design in Electromyography (CEDE) project, summarizes recommendations on the use of EMG to estimate muscle force. The matrix encompasses the use of bipolar surface EMG, high density surface EMG, and intra-muscular EMG (1) to identify the onset of muscle force during isometric contractions, (2) to identify the offset of muscle force during isometric contractions, (3) to identify force fluctuations during isometric contractions, (4) to estimate force during dynamic contractions, and (5) in combination with musculoskeletal models to estimate force during dynamic contractions. For each application, recommendations on the appropriateness of using EMG to estimate force and justification for each recommendation are provided. The achieved consensus makes clear that there are limited scenarios in which EMG can be used to accurately estimate muscle forces. In most cases, it remains important to consider the activation as well as the muscle state and other biomechanical and physiological factors- such as in the context of a formal mechanical model. This matrix is intended to encourage interdisciplinary discussions regarding the integration of EMG with other experimental techniques and to promote advances in the application of EMG towards developing muscle models and musculoskeletal simulations that can accurately predict muscle forces in healthy and clinical populations.
Authors 23
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Affiliation as printed
School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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Affiliation as printed
School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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The University of Queensland · Université Côte d'Azur · Laboratoire Motricité Humaine Éducation Sport Santé
Affiliation as printed
School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Université Côte d'Azur, LAMHESS, Nice, France
School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
Université Côte d'Azur, LAMHESS, Nice, France
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Affiliation as printed
School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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Amsterdam Movement Sciences · Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
Affiliation as printed
Department of Human Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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University of Colorado Boulder
Affiliation as printed
Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, CO, USA
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Affiliation as printed
Auckland Bioengineering Institute and Department of Engineering Science & Biomedical Engineering, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Queen's University Belfast · The University of Queensland · Trinity College Dublin
Affiliation as printed
Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience and School of Psychology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; School of Psychology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK; School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
School of Psychology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience and School of Psychology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Worcester Polytechnic Institute
Affiliation as printed
Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, USA
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Catherine Dißelhorst-Klug Aachen Department of Rehabilitation and Prevention Engineering Institute of Applied Medical Engineering
Affiliation as printed
Department of Rehabilitation and Prevention Engineering, Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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Affiliation as printed
Centre of Precision Rehabilitation for Spinal Pain (CPR Spine), School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, UK
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Affiliation as printed
Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
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UNSW Sydney · Neuroscience Research Australia
Affiliation as printed
Neuroscience Research Australia, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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Affiliation as printed
Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Maribor, Koroška cesta 46, Maribor, Slovenia
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The University of Sydney · Royal Prince Alfred Hospital
Affiliation as printed
Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
Department of Neurology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
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Affiliation as printed
School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
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United States Department of Veterans Affairs
Affiliation as printed
US Department of Veterans Affairs
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Affiliation as printed
LISiN, Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy
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Northwestern University · Shirley Ryan AbilityLab
Affiliation as printed
Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA; Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, IL, USA
Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, IL, USA
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UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology · University College London
Affiliation as printed
Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
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University of Southern Denmark
Affiliation as printed
Department of Clinical Research and Department of Sports Sciences and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Affiliation as printed
Centre for Health, Exercise and Sports Medicine, Department of Physiotherapy, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
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Paul W. Hodges corresponding
Affiliation as printed
School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia. Electronic address: p.hodges@uq.edu.au
School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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