Ten things to remember about propensity scores

European Journal of Endocrinology, vol. 191, pp. E1–E4

Abstract

Propensity score methods are popular to control for confounding in observational biomedical studies of risk factors or medical treatments. This paper focused on aspects of propensity score methods that often remain undiscussed, including unmeasured confounding, missing data, variable selection, statistical efficiency, estimands, the positivity assumption, and predictive performance of the propensity score model.

Authors 3

1. Rolf H. H. Groenwold corresponding Aachen Department of Biomedical Data Sciences Department of Clinical Epidemiology

   Leiden University Medical Center

   Affiliation as printed

   Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center , 2333 ZA Leiden ,

   Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center , 2333 ZA Leiden ,

   Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center , 2333 ZA Leiden , The Netherlands

   Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center , 2333 ZA Leiden , The Netherlands

2. Olaf M. Dekkers Aachen Department of Clinical Epidemiology Department of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center

   Aarhus University · Leiden University Medical Center · Aarhus University Hospital

   Affiliation as printed

   Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital , 8200 Aarhus ,

   Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center , 2333 ZA Leiden ,

   Department of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center , 2333 ZA Leiden ,

   Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital , 8200 Aarhus , Denmark

   Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center , 2333 ZA Leiden , The Netherlands

   Department of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center , 2333 ZA Leiden , The Netherlands

3. Saskia le Cessie Aachen Department of Biomedical Data Sciences Department of Clinical Epidemiology

   Leiden University Medical Center

   Affiliation as printed

   Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center , 2333 ZA Leiden ,

   Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center , 2333 ZA Leiden ,

   Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center , 2333 ZA Leiden , The Netherlands

   Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center , 2333 ZA Leiden , The Netherlands