The ALMA-CRISTAL survey
Astronomy and Astrophysics, vol. 689, pp. A145
Abstract
Massive star-forming galaxies in the high-redshift universe host large reservoirs of cold gas in their circumgalactic medium (CGM). Traditionally, these reservoirs have been linked to diffuse H I Lyman- α (Ly α ) emission extending beyond ≈10 kpc scales. In recent years, millimeter and submillimeter observations have started to identify even colder gas in the CGM through molecular and/or atomic tracers such as the [C II ] 158 μm transition. In this context, we studied the well-known J1000+0234 system at z = 4.54 that hosts a massive dusty star-forming galaxy (DSFG), a UV-bright companion, and a Ly α blob. We combined new ALMA [C II ] line observations taken by the CRISTAL survey with data from previous programs targeting the J1000+0234 system, and achieved a deep view into a DSFG and its rich environment at a 0″. 2 = 1.3 kpc resolution. We identified an elongated [C II ]-emitting structure with a projected size of 15 kpc stemming from the bright DSFG at the center of the field, with no clear counterpart at any other wavelength. The plume is oriented ≈40° away from the minor axis of the DSFG, and shows significant spatial variation of its spectral parameters. In particular, the [C II ] emission shifts from 180 km s −1 to 400 km s −1 between the bottom and top of the plume, relative to the DSFG’s systemic velocity. At the same time, the line width starts at 400 − 600 km s −1 but narrows down to 190 km s −1 at the top end of the plume. We discuss four possible scenarios to interpret the [C II ] plume: a conical outflow, a cold accretion stream, ram pressure stripping, and gravitational interactions. While we cannot strongly rule out any of these with the available data, we disfavor the ram pressure stripping scenario due to the requirement of special hydrodynamic conditions.
Authors 28
-
Affiliation as printed
Instituto de Estudios Astrofísicos, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad Diego Portales, Av. Ejército Libertador 441, Santiago 8370191, Chile
-
Carnegie Institution for Science · Carnegie Observatories · Las Campanas Observatory · Universidad Diego Portales
Affiliation as printed
Instituto de Estudios Astrofísicos, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad Diego Portales, Av. Ejército Libertador 441, Santiago 8370191, Chile
Las Campanas Observatory, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Raúl Bitrán 1200, La Serena, Chile
-
Affiliation as printed
Instituto de Estudios Astrofísicos, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad Diego Portales, Av. Ejército Libertador 441, Santiago 8370191, Chile
-
Affiliation as printed
Departamento de Astronomía, Universidad de Concepción, Barrio Universitario, Concepción, Chile
-
Ghent University · University College London
Affiliation as printed
Department of Physics & Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
Sterrenkundig Observatorium, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S9, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
-
Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics
Affiliation as printed
Max-Planck-Institut für Extraterrestiche Physik (MPE), Giessen-bachstr., 85748 Garching, Germany
-
Affiliation as printed
Department of Physics and Astronomy and George P. and Cynthia Woods Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
-
Affiliation as printed
Faculty of Engineering, Hokkai-Gakuen University, Toyohira-ku, Sapporo 062-8605, Japan
-
Affiliation as printed
Instituto de Estudios Astrofísicos, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad Diego Portales, Av. Ejército Libertador 441, Santiago 8370191, Chile
-
National Radio Astronomy Observatory · University of Virginia
Affiliation as printed
Department of Astronomy, University of Virginia, 530 McCormick Road, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
National Radio Astronomy Observatory, 520 Edgemont Road, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
-
ASTRO-3D · ARC Centre of Excellence for All-sky Astrophysics · Swinburne University of Technology
Affiliation as printed
ARC Centre of Excellence for All Sky Astrophysics in 3 Dimensions (ASTRO 3D), Australia
Centre for Astrophysics and Supercomputing, Swinburne Univ. of Technology, PO Box 218, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia
-
Chinese Academy of Sciences · FORTH Institute of Astrophysics · National Astronomical Observatories · Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas · Universidad Diego Portales
Affiliation as printed
Chinese Academy of Sciences South America Center for Astronomy (CASSACA), National Astronomical Observatories, CAS, Beijing 100101, PR China
Institute of Astrophysics, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH), Heraklion 70013, Greece
Instituto de Estudios Astrofísicos, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad Diego Portales, Av. Ejército Libertador 441, Santiago 8370191, Chile
-
Affiliation as printed
Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, 50126 Pisa, Italy
-
ASTRO-3D · ARC Centre of Excellence for All-sky Astrophysics · Swinburne University of Technology
Affiliation as printed
ARC Centre of Excellence for All Sky Astrophysics in 3 Dimensions (ASTRO 3D), Australia
Centre for Astrophysics and Supercomputing, Swinburne Univ. of Technology, PO Box 218, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia
-
Affiliation as printed
Universidad Andrés Bello, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Departamento de Física, Instituto de Astrofísica, Fernandez Concha 700, Las Condes, Santiago RM, Chile
-
The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI · National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
Affiliation as printed
Department of Astronomical Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
-
Affiliation as printed
Instituto de Estudios Astrofísicos, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad Diego Portales, Av. Ejército Libertador 441, Santiago 8370191, Chile
-
Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics
Affiliation as printed
Max-Planck-Institut für Extraterrestiche Physik (MPE), Giessen-bachstr., 85748 Garching, Germany
-
National Astronomical Observatory of Japan · The University of Tokyo
Affiliation as printed
Department of Astronomy, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
-
Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
Affiliation as printed
Instituto de Astrofísica, Facultad de Física, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile
-
Affiliation as printed
Dept. Fisica Teorica y del Cosmos, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
Instituto Universitario Carlos I de Física Teórica y Computacional, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
-
Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics
Affiliation as printed
Max-Planck Institute for Astrophysics, Karl Schwarzschildstrasse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
-
Affiliation as printed
Instituto de Estudios Astrofísicos, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad Diego Portales, Av. Ejército Libertador 441, Santiago 8370191, Chile
-
Affiliation as printed
Instituto de Estudios Astrofísicos, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad Diego Portales, Av. Ejército Libertador 441, Santiago 8370191, Chile
-
Affiliation as printed
Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, 19 J.J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
Kavli Institute for Cosmology, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UK
-
Universidad de Granada · Ghent University
Affiliation as printed
Dept. Fisica Teorica y del Cosmos, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
Sterrenkundig Observatorium, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S9, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
-
Joint Space Science Institute · University of Maryland, College Park
Affiliation as printed
Department of Astronomy and Joint Space-Science Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
-
Leiden University · University of Concepción · Leiden Observatory
Affiliation as printed
Departamento de Astronomía, Universidad de Concepción, Barrio Universitario, Concepción, Chile
Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
Cited by 24 stored of 24
No patents citing this paper on Lens.org (checked 2026-10-11).