PDRs4All
Astronomy and Astrophysics, vol. 687, pp. A86
Abstract
Context. Mid-infrared emission features are important probes of the properties of ionized gas and hot or warm molecular gas, which are difficult to probe at other wavelengths. The Orion Bar photodissociation region (PDR) is a bright, nearby, and frequently studied target containing large amounts of gas under these conditions. Under the “PDRs4All” Early Release Science Program for JWST, a part of the Orion Bar was observed with MIRI integral field unit (IFU) spectroscopy, and these high-sensitivity IR spectroscopic images of very high angular resolution (0.2″) provide a rich observational inventory of the mid-infrared (MIR) emission lines, while resolving the H II region, the ionization front, and multiple dissociation fronts. Aims. We list, identify, and measure the most prominent gas emission lines in the Orion Bar using the new MIRI IFU data. An initial analysis summarizes the physical conditions of the gas and demonstrates the potential of these new data and future IFU observations with JWST. Methods. The MIRI IFU mosaic spatially resolves the substructure of the PDR, its footprint cutting perpendicularly across the ionization front and three dissociation fronts. We performed an up-to-date data reduction, and extracted five spectra that represent the ionized, atomic, and molecular gas layers. We identified the observed lines through a comparison with theoretical line lists derived from atomic data and simulated PDR models. The identified species and transitions are summarized in the main table of this work, with measurements of the line intensities and central wavelengths. Results. We identified around 100 lines and report an additional 18 lines that remain unidentified. The majority consists of H I recombination lines arising from the ionized gas layer bordering the PDR. The H I line ratios are well matched by emissivity coefficients from H recombination theory, but deviate by up to 10% because of contamination by He I lines. We report the observed emission lines of various ionization stages of Ne, P, S, Cl, Ar, Fe, and Ni. We show how the Ne III /Ne II , S IV /S III , and Ar III /Ar II ratios trace the conditions in the ionized layer bordering the PDR, while Fe III /Fe II and Ni III /Ni II exhibit a different behavior, as there are significant contributions to Fe II and Ni II from the neutral PDR gas. We observe the pure-rotational H 2 lines in the vibrational ground state from 0–0 S (1) to 0–0 S (8), and in the first vibrationally excited state from 1–1 S (5) to 1–1 S(9). We derive H 2 excitation diagrams, and for the three observed dissociation fronts, the rotational excitation can be approximated with one thermal (~700 K) component representative of an average gas temperature, and one nonthermal component (~2700 K) probing the effect of UV pumping. We compare these results to an existing model of the Orion Bar PDR, and find that the predicted excitation matches the data qualitatively, while adjustments to the parameters of the PDR model are required to reproduce the intensity of the 0–0 S (6) to S (8) lines.
Authors 99
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Space Telescope Science Institute · RIKEN
Affiliation as printed
Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
-0 S, RIKEN Cluster for Pi-oneering Research, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
of the Orion Bar Edifício Leste, 2°Piso, P-1349-018 Lisboa, Portugal
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Paris Sciences et Lettres · Université Paris-Saclay · Observatoire de Paris · Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale · Laboratoire d’Etudes du Rayonnement et de la Matière en Astrophysique et Atmosphères
Affiliation as printed
Institut d’Astrophysique Spatiale, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Bâtiment 121, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
LERMA, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, Sorbonne Universités, 92190 Meudon, France
IAS - Institut d'astrophysique spatiale (Bâtiment 121 91405 ORSAY CEDEX - France)
LERMA - Laboratoire d'Etude du Rayonnement et de la Matière en Astrophysique et Atmosphères = Laboratory for Studies of Radiation and Matter in Astrophysics and Atmospheres (61, avenue de l'Observatoire - 75014 PARIS - France)
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Space Telescope Science Institute · Université Paris-Saclay · Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale
Affiliation as printed
Institut d’Astrophysique Spatiale, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Bâtiment 121, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
IAS - Institut d'astrophysique spatiale (Bâtiment 121 91405 ORSAY CEDEX - France)
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Paris-Saclay · Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale
Affiliation as printed
Institut d’Astrophysique Spatiale, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Bâtiment 121, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
IAS - Institut d'astrophysique spatiale (Bâtiment 121 91405 ORSAY CEDEX - France)
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Western University · RIKEN · Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence
Affiliation as printed
Carl Sagan Center, SETI Institute, 339 Bernardo Avenue, Suite 200, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA
Department of Physics & Astronomy, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
Institute for Earth and Space Exploration, The University of Western Ontario, London ON N6A 3K7, Canada
-0 S, RIKEN Cluster for Pi-oneering Research, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
of the Orion Bar Edifício Leste, 2°Piso, P-1349-018 Lisboa, Portugal
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier · Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie
Affiliation as printed
Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie, Université Toulouse III – Paul Sabatier, CNRS, CNES, 9 Av. du colonel Roche, 31028 Toulouse Cedex 04, France
IRAP - Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (9 avenue Colonel Roche 31028 Toulouse - France)
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University of Michigan · RIKEN
Affiliation as printed
Department of Astronomy, University of Michigan, 1085 South University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
-0 S, RIKEN Cluster for Pi-oneering Research, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
of the Orion Bar Edifício Leste, 2°Piso, P-1349-018 Lisboa, Portugal
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier · Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie
Affiliation as printed
Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie, Université Toulouse III – Paul Sabatier, CNRS, CNES, 9 Av. du colonel Roche, 31028 Toulouse Cedex 04, France
IRAP - Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (9 avenue Colonel Roche 31028 Toulouse - France)
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Western University · RIKEN · The Ohio State University
Affiliation as printed
Astronomy Department, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
Department of Physics & Astronomy, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
Institute for Earth and Space Exploration, The University of Western Ontario, London ON N6A 3K7, Canada
-0 S, RIKEN Cluster for Pi-oneering Research, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
of the Orion Bar Edifício Leste, 2°Piso, P-1349-018 Lisboa, Portugal
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier · Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie
Affiliation as printed
Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie, Université Toulouse III – Paul Sabatier, CNRS, CNES, 9 Av. du colonel Roche, 31028 Toulouse Cedex 04, France
IRAP - Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (9 avenue Colonel Roche 31028 Toulouse - France)
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Affiliation as printed
Department of Physics & Astronomy, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
Institute for Earth and Space Exploration, The University of Western Ontario, London ON N6A 3K7, Canada
-0 S, RIKEN Cluster for Pi-oneering Research, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
of the Orion Bar Edifício Leste, 2°Piso, P-1349-018 Lisboa, Portugal
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Affiliation as printed
NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-6, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA
-0 S, RIKEN Cluster for Pi-oneering Research, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
of the Orion Bar Edifício Leste, 2°Piso, P-1349-018 Lisboa, Portugal
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Paris Sciences et Lettres · Observatoire de Paris · Laboratoire d’Etudes du Rayonnement et de la Matière en Astrophysique et Atmosphères
Affiliation as printed
LERMA, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, Sorbonne Universités, 92190 Meudon, France
LERMA - Laboratoire d'Etude du Rayonnement et de la Matière en Astrophysique et Atmosphères = Laboratory for Studies of Radiation and Matter in Astrophysics and Atmospheres (61, avenue de l'Observatoire - 75014 PARIS - France)
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Paris-Saclay · Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay
Affiliation as printed
Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d’Orsay, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Bâtiment 520, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
ISMO - Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay (Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay cedex - France)
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Instituto de Física Fundamental · RIKEN
Affiliation as printed
Instituto de Física Fundamental (CSIC), Calle Serrano 121-123, 28006 Madrid, Spain
-0 S, RIKEN Cluster for Pi-oneering Research, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
of the Orion Bar Edifício Leste, 2°Piso, P-1349-018 Lisboa, Portugal
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Space Telescope Science Institute · Ghent University · RIKEN
Affiliation as printed
Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
Sterrenkundig Observatorium, Universiteit Gent, Gent, Belgium
-0 S, RIKEN Cluster for Pi-oneering Research, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
of the Orion Bar Edifício Leste, 2°Piso, P-1349-018 Lisboa, Portugal
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RIKEN · The University of Tokyo
Affiliation as printed
Department of Astronomy, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
-0 S, RIKEN Cluster for Pi-oneering Research, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
of the Orion Bar Edifício Leste, 2°Piso, P-1349-018 Lisboa, Portugal
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Leiden University · RIKEN · Leiden Observatory · University of Maryland, College Park
Affiliation as printed
Astronomy Department, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, PO Box 9513, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
-0 S, RIKEN Cluster for Pi-oneering Research, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
of the Orion Bar Edifício Leste, 2°Piso, P-1349-018 Lisboa, Portugal
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Paris-Saclay · Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale
Affiliation as printed
Institut d’Astrophysique Spatiale, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Bâtiment 121, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
IAS - Institut d'astrophysique spatiale (Bâtiment 121 91405 ORSAY CEDEX - France)
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RIKEN · University of Maryland, College Park
Affiliation as printed
Astronomy Department, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
-0 S, RIKEN Cluster for Pi-oneering Research, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
of the Orion Bar Edifício Leste, 2°Piso, P-1349-018 Lisboa, Portugal
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Paris-Saclay · Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale
Affiliation as printed
Institut d’Astrophysique Spatiale, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Bâtiment 121, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
IAS - Institut d'astrophysique spatiale (Bâtiment 121 91405 ORSAY CEDEX - France)
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University of Michigan · RIKEN
Affiliation as printed
Department of Astronomy, University of Michigan, 1085 South University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
-0 S, RIKEN Cluster for Pi-oneering Research, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
of the Orion Bar Edifício Leste, 2°Piso, P-1349-018 Lisboa, Portugal
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Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur
Affiliation as printed
ACRI-ST, Centre d’Etudes et de Recherche de Grasse (CERGA), 10 Av. Nicolas Copernic, 06130 Grasse, France
INCLASS Common Laboratory, 10 Av. Nicolas Copernic, 06130 Grasse, France
O.C.A - Département C.E.R.G.A (Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Avenue Copernic, F-06130 Grasse, France - France)
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Western University · RIKEN · Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence
Affiliation as printed
Carl Sagan Center, SETI Institute, 339 Bernardo Avenue, Suite 200, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA
Department of Physics & Astronomy, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
Institute for Earth and Space Exploration, The University of Western Ontario, London ON N6A 3K7, Canada
-0 S, RIKEN Cluster for Pi-oneering Research, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
of the Orion Bar Edifício Leste, 2°Piso, P-1349-018 Lisboa, Portugal
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Instituto de Física Fundamental · RIKEN
Affiliation as printed
Instituto de Física Fundamental (CSIC), Calle Serrano 121-123, 28006 Madrid, Spain
-0 S, RIKEN Cluster for Pi-oneering Research, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
of the Orion Bar Edifício Leste, 2°Piso, P-1349-018 Lisboa, Portugal
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Royal Observatory · RIKEN · UK Astronomy Technology Centre
Affiliation as printed
UK Astronomy Technology Centre, Royal Observatory Edinburgh, Blackford Hill EH9 3HJ, UK
-0 S, RIKEN Cluster for Pi-oneering Research, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
of the Orion Bar Edifício Leste, 2°Piso, P-1349-018 Lisboa, Portugal
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Paris-Saclay · Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale
Affiliation as printed
Institut d’Astrophysique Spatiale, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Bâtiment 121, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
IAS - Institut d'astrophysique spatiale (Bâtiment 121 91405 ORSAY CEDEX - France)
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RIKEN · Centro de Astrobiología
Affiliation as printed
Centro de Astrobiología (CSIC-INTA),Ctra de Torrejón a Ajaalvir, km 4, 28850 Torrejón de Ardoz, Spain
-0 S, RIKEN Cluster for Pi-oneering Research, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
of the Orion Bar Edifício Leste, 2°Piso, P-1349-018 Lisboa, Portugal
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier · Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie
Affiliation as printed
Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie, Université Toulouse III – Paul Sabatier, CNRS, CNES, 9 Av. du colonel Roche, 31028 Toulouse Cedex 04, France
IRAP - Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (9 avenue Colonel Roche 31028 Toulouse - France)
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Affiliation as printed
Department of Physics & Astronomy, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
-0 S, RIKEN Cluster for Pi-oneering Research, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
of the Orion Bar Edifício Leste, 2°Piso, P-1349-018 Lisboa, Portugal
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Affiliation as printed
Quantum Solid State Physics (QSP), Celestijnenlaan 200d, Box 2414, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
-0 S, RIKEN Cluster for Pi-oneering Research, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
of the Orion Bar Edifício Leste, 2°Piso, P-1349-018 Lisboa, Portugal
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Paris Sciences et Lettres · Observatoire de Paris · Laboratoire d’Etudes du Rayonnement et de la Matière en Astrophysique et Atmosphères
Affiliation as printed
LERMA, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, Sorbonne Universités, 92190 Meudon, France
LERMA - Laboratoire d'Etude du Rayonnement et de la Matière en Astrophysique et Atmosphères = Laboratory for Studies of Radiation and Matter in Astrophysics and Atmospheres (61, avenue de l'Observatoire - 75014 PARIS - France)
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique · Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble · Université Grenoble Alpes
Affiliation as printed
Institut de Planétologie et d’Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, 38000 Grenoble, France
Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM), 300 Rue de la Piscine, 38406 Saint-Martin-d’Hères, France
IPAG - Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (414, Rue de la Piscine BP 53 38041 Grenoble Cedex 9 - France)
IRAM - Institut de RadioAstronomie Millimétrique (300 rue de la Piscine, Domaine Universitaire 38406 Saint Martin d'Hères - France)
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Affiliation as printed
NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-6, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA
-0 S, RIKEN Cluster for Pi-oneering Research, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
of the Orion Bar Edifício Leste, 2°Piso, P-1349-018 Lisboa, Portugal
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Affiliation as printed
I. Physikalisches Institut der Universität zu Köln, Zülpicher Straße 77, 50937 Köln, Germany
-0 S, RIKEN Cluster for Pi-oneering Research, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
of the Orion Bar Edifício Leste, 2°Piso, P-1349-018 Lisboa, Portugal
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Affiliation as printed
Department of Physics & Astronomy, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
-0 S, RIKEN Cluster for Pi-oneering Research, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
of the Orion Bar Edifício Leste, 2°Piso, P-1349-018 Lisboa, Portugal
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RIKEN · University of Maryland, College Park
Affiliation as printed
Astronomy Department, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
-0 S, RIKEN Cluster for Pi-oneering Research, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
of the Orion Bar Edifício Leste, 2°Piso, P-1349-018 Lisboa, Portugal
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Space Telescope Science Institute · Johns Hopkins University · RIKEN
Affiliation as printed
Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
-0 S, RIKEN Cluster for Pi-oneering Research, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
of the Orion Bar Edifício Leste, 2°Piso, P-1349-018 Lisboa, Portugal
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Goethe University Frankfurt · RIKEN
Affiliation as printed
Goethe-Universität, Physikalisches Institut, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
Physikalischer Verein – Gesellschaft für Bildung und Wissenschaft, Robert-Mayer-Str. 2, 60325 Frankfurt, Germany
-0 S, RIKEN Cluster for Pi-oneering Research, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
of the Orion Bar Edifício Leste, 2°Piso, P-1349-018 Lisboa, Portugal
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Affiliation as printed
Department of Physics & Astronomy, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
Institute for Earth and Space Exploration, The University of Western Ontario, London ON N6A 3K7, Canada
-0 S, RIKEN Cluster for Pi-oneering Research, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
of the Orion Bar Edifício Leste, 2°Piso, P-1349-018 Lisboa, Portugal
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Paris-Saclay · Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale · Chalmers University of Technology
Affiliation as printed
Department of Space, Earth and Environment, Chalmers University of Technology, Onsala Space Observatory, 439 92 Onsala, Sweden
Institut d’Astrophysique Spatiale, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Bâtiment 121, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
IAS - Institut d'astrophysique spatiale (Bâtiment 121 91405 ORSAY CEDEX - France)
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Paris-Saclay · Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale
Affiliation as printed
Institut d’Astrophysique Spatiale, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Bâtiment 121, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
IAS - Institut d'astrophysique spatiale (Bâtiment 121 91405 ORSAY CEDEX - France)
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Institute of Astrophysics and Space Sciences · RIKEN
Affiliation as printed
Instituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço, Tapada da Ajuda, Edifício Leste, 2o Piso, 1349-018 Lisboa, Portugal
-0 S, RIKEN Cluster for Pi-oneering Research, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
of the Orion Bar Edifício Leste, 2°Piso, P-1349-018 Lisboa, Portugal
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Paris-Saclay · Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale
Affiliation as printed
Institut d’Astrophysique Spatiale, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Bâtiment 121, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
IAS - Institut d'astrophysique spatiale (Bâtiment 121 91405 ORSAY CEDEX - France)
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Affiliation as printed
NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-6, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA
-0 S, RIKEN Cluster for Pi-oneering Research, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
of the Orion Bar Edifício Leste, 2°Piso, P-1349-018 Lisboa, Portugal
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Chinese Academy of Sciences · Yunnan Observatories · National Astronomical Observatories · University of Chile
Affiliation as printed
Chinese Academy of Sciences South America Center for Astronomy, National Astronomical Observatories, CAS, Beijing 100101, PR China
Departamento de Astronomía, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 36-D, Santiago, Chile
Yunnan Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 396 Yangfangwang, Guandu District, Kunming 650216, PR China
Chinese Academy of Sciences South America Center for Astron-omy, National Astronomical Observatories, CAS, Beijing 100101, China
Yunnan Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 396 Yang-fangwang, Guandu District, Kunming, 650216, China
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Max Planck Institute for Astronomy · Friedrich Schiller University Jena
Affiliation as printed
Laboratory Astrophysics Group of the Max Planck Institute for Astronomy at the Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Institute of Solid State Physics, Helmholtzweg 3, 07743 Jena, Germany
Laboratory Astrophysics Group of the Max Planck Institute for As-tronomy at the Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Institute of Solid State Physics, Helmholtzweg 3, 07743 Jena, Germany
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Affiliation as printed
Department of Physics, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA
Department of Physics, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA
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Universidade de São Paulo · Universidade Federal de Itajubá
Affiliation as printed
Institute of Mathematics and Statistics, University of São Paulo, Rua do Matão, 1010, Cidade Universitária, Butantã, 05508-090, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
Instituto de Física e Química, Universidade Federal de Itajubá, Av. BPS 1303, Pinheirinho, 37500-903, Itajubá, MG, Brazil
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Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation · Australian Synchrotron
Affiliation as printed
Australian Synchrotron, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), Victoria, Australia
Australian Synchrotron, Australian Nuclear Science and Technol-ogy Organisation (ANSTO), Victoria, Australia
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Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania
Affiliation as printed
INAF – Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania, Via Santa Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy
INAF -Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania, Via Santa Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy
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Affiliation as printed
NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-6, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA
-0 S, RIKEN Cluster for Pi-oneering Research, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
of the Orion Bar Edifício Leste, 2°Piso, P-1349-018 Lisboa, Portugal
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Ames Research Center · Bay Area Environmental Research Institute
Affiliation as printed
Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-6, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA
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RIKEN · Chalmers University of Technology
Affiliation as printed
Department of Space, Earth and Environment, Chalmers University of Technology, Onsala Space Observatory, 439 92 Onsala, Sweden
-0 S, RIKEN Cluster for Pi-oneering Research, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
of the Orion Bar Edifício Leste, 2°Piso, P-1349-018 Lisboa, Portugal
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Paris Sciences et Lettres · École Normale Supérieure - PSL · Sorbonne Université · Laboratoire de Physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure
Affiliation as printed
Laboratoire de Physique de l’École Normale Supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, 75005 Paris, France
Astrophysique (24 rue Lhomond 75005 Paris - France)
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University of Colorado Boulder · Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics · Institute for Modeling Plasma, Atmospheres and Cosmic Dust
Affiliation as printed
Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
Institute for Modeling Plasma, Atmospheres, and Cosmic Dust (IMPACT), University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Col-orado, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
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Leiden University · Leiden Observatory · Delft University of Technology
Affiliation as printed
Faculty of Aerospace Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Kluyverweg 1, 2629 HS Delft, The Netherlands
Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, PO Box 9513, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Paris-Saclay · Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay
Affiliation as printed
Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d’Orsay, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Bâtiment 520, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
ISMO - Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay (Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay cedex - France)
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Radboud University Nijmegen · HFML-FELIX
Affiliation as printed
Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Toernooiveld 7, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Toernooiveld 7, 6525 ED Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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Affiliation as printed
School of Physics, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana 500046, India
School of Physics, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana India
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Affiliation as printed
Department of Physics, Wellesley College, 106 Central Street, Wellesley, MA 02481, USA
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Affiliation as printed
Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amster-dam, The Netherlands
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Delft University of Technology
Affiliation as printed
Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
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Instituto de Física Fundamental · RIKEN
Affiliation as printed
Instituto de Física Fundamental (CSIC), Calle Serrano 121-123, 28006 Madrid, Spain
-0 S, RIKEN Cluster for Pi-oneering Research, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
of the Orion Bar Edifício Leste, 2°Piso, P-1349-018 Lisboa, Portugal
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Paris-Saclay · Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules · Laboratoire de Physique des 2 Infinis Irène Joliot-Curie
Affiliation as printed
Laboratoire de Physique des deux infinis Irène Joliot-Curie, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, Bâtiment 104, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
IJCLab - Laboratoire de Physique des 2 Infinis Irène Joliot-Curie (Bât. 100 et 200, 15 rue Georges Clémenceau 91405 Orsay - France)
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut de Physique de Rennes · Université Rennes 1 · Université de Rennes · GITAM University
Affiliation as printed
Department of Chemistry, GITAM school of Science, GITAM Deemed to be University, Bangalore, India
Institut de Physique de Rennes, UMR CNRS 6251, Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
IPR - Institut de Physique de Rennes (Bâtiment 11A , B, C, E – 10B 263 av. Général Leclerc 35042 Rennes cedex FRANCE - France)
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier · Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie
Affiliation as printed
Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie, Université Toulouse III – Paul Sabatier, CNRS, CNES, 9 Av. du colonel Roche, 31028 Toulouse Cedex 04, France
IRAP - Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (9 avenue Colonel Roche 31028 Toulouse - France)
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University of British Columbia
Affiliation as printed
Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier · Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie
Affiliation as printed
Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie, Université Toulouse III – Paul Sabatier, CNRS, CNES, 9 Av. du colonel Roche, 31028 Toulouse Cedex 04, France
IRAP - Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (9 avenue Colonel Roche 31028 Toulouse - France)
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Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur
Affiliation as printed
ACRI-ST, Centre d’Etudes et de Recherche de Grasse (CERGA), 10 Av. Nicolas Copernic, 06130 Grasse, France
INCLASS Common Laboratory, 10 Av. Nicolas Copernic, 06130 Grasse, France
O.C.A - Département C.E.R.G.A (Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Avenue Copernic, F-06130 Grasse, France - France)
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier · Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie
Affiliation as printed
Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie, Université Toulouse III – Paul Sabatier, CNRS, CNES, 9 Av. du colonel Roche, 31028 Toulouse Cedex 04, France
IRAP - Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (9 avenue Colonel Roche 31028 Toulouse - France)
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier · Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie
Affiliation as printed
Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie, Université Toulouse III – Paul Sabatier, CNRS, CNES, 9 Av. du colonel Roche, 31028 Toulouse Cedex 04, France
IRAP - Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (9 avenue Colonel Roche 31028 Toulouse - France)
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European Space Astronomy Centre
Affiliation as printed
European Space Astronomy Centre (ESAC/ESA), Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain
European Space Astronomy Centre (ESAC/ESA), Villanueva de la Cañada, E-28692 Madrid, Spain
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Université Paris Sciences et Lettres · Observatoire de Paris · Sorbonne Université · Laboratoire d’Etudes du Rayonnement et de la Matière en Astrophysique et Atmosphères
Affiliation as printed
Observatoire de Paris, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, LERMA, 75014 Paris, France
LERMA - Laboratoire d'Etude du Rayonnement et de la Matière en Astrophysique et Atmosphères = Laboratory for Studies of Radiation and Matter in Astrophysics and Atmospheres (61, avenue de l'Observatoire - 75014 PARIS - France)
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Center for Astrophysics Harvard & Smithsonian
Affiliation as printed
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge MA 02138, USA
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut Universitaire de France · Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris · Sorbonne Université · Ministère de l'Enseignement Supérieur, de la Recherche et de l'Espace
Affiliation as printed
Institut Universitaire de France, Ministère de l’Enseignement Supérieur et de la Recherche, 1 rue Descartes, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 7095, Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, 98bis bd Arago, 75014 Paris, France
IAP - Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (98bis, bd Arago - 75014 Paris France - France)
IUF - Institut universitaire de France (Maison des Universités 103 Boulevard Saint-Michel 75005 Paris - France)
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Paris Sciences et Lettres · Observatoire de Paris · École Normale Supérieure - PSL · Sorbonne Université · Laboratoire d’Etudes du Rayonnement et de la Matière en Astrophysique et Atmosphères · Laboratoire de Physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure
Affiliation as printed
Laboratoire de Physique de l’École Normale Supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, 75005 Paris, France
Observatoire de Paris, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, LERMA, 75014 Paris, France
LERMA - Laboratoire d'Etude du Rayonnement et de la Matière en Astrophysique et Atmosphères = Laboratory for Studies of Radiation and Matter in Astrophysics and Atmospheres (61, avenue de l'Observatoire - 75014 PARIS - France)
LPENS - Laboratoire de physique de l'ENS - ENS Paris (24, rue Lhomond 75005 Paris - France)
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Affiliation as printed
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005-1892, USA
-0 S, RIKEN Cluster for Pi-oneering Research, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
of the Orion Bar Edifício Leste, 2°Piso, P-1349-018 Lisboa, Portugal
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RIKEN · University of Virginia
Affiliation as printed
Departments of Chemistry and Astronomy, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
-0 S, RIKEN Cluster for Pi-oneering Research, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
of the Orion Bar Edifício Leste, 2°Piso, P-1349-018 Lisboa, Portugal
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Affiliation as printed
InterCat and Department Physics and Astron., Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
-0 S, RIKEN Cluster for Pi-oneering Research, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
of the Orion Bar Edifício Leste, 2°Piso, P-1349-018 Lisboa, Portugal
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier · Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie
Affiliation as printed
Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie, Université Toulouse III – Paul Sabatier, CNRS, CNES, 9 Av. du colonel Roche, 31028 Toulouse Cedex 04, France
IRAP - Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (9 avenue Colonel Roche 31028 Toulouse - France)
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Max Planck Institute for Astronomy · RIKEN · Friedrich Schiller University Jena
Affiliation as printed
Laboratory Astrophysics Group of the Max Planck Institute for Astronomy at the Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Institute of Solid State Physics, Helmholtzweg 3, 07743 Jena, Germany
-0 S, RIKEN Cluster for Pi-oneering Research, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
of the Orion Bar Edifício Leste, 2°Piso, P-1349-018 Lisboa, Portugal
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Universidade de São Paulo · RIKEN
Affiliation as printed
Instituto de Astronomia, Geofísica e Ciências Atmosféricas, Universidade de São Paulo, 05509-090 Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
-0 S, RIKEN Cluster for Pi-oneering Research, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
of the Orion Bar Edifício Leste, 2°Piso, P-1349-018 Lisboa, Portugal
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Paris-Saclay · Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale
Affiliation as printed
Institut d’Astrophysique Spatiale, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Bâtiment 121, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
IAS - Institut d'astrophysique spatiale (Bâtiment 121 91405 ORSAY CEDEX - France)
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RIKEN · San Jose State University
Affiliation as printed
Department of Physics and Astronomy, San José State University, San Jose, CA 95192, USA
-0 S, RIKEN Cluster for Pi-oneering Research, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
of the Orion Bar Edifício Leste, 2°Piso, P-1349-018 Lisboa, Portugal
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Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats · Institute of Space Sciences · Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya · RIKEN
Affiliation as printed
ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
Institut de Ciencies de l’Espai (ICE, CSIC), Can Magrans, s/n, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain
-0 S, RIKEN Cluster for Pi-oneering Research, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
of the Orion Bar Edifício Leste, 2°Piso, P-1349-018 Lisboa, Portugal
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Space Telescope Science Institute · RIKEN
Affiliation as printed
European Space Agency, Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore MD 21218, USA
-0 S, RIKEN Cluster for Pi-oneering Research, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
of the Orion Bar Edifício Leste, 2°Piso, P-1349-018 Lisboa, Portugal
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Russian Academy of Sciences · RIKEN · Institute of Astronomy
Affiliation as printed
Institute of Astronomy, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119017, Pyatnitskaya str. 48, Moscow, Russia
-0 S, RIKEN Cluster for Pi-oneering Research, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
of the Orion Bar Edifício Leste, 2°Piso, P-1349-018 Lisboa, Portugal
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Royal Observatory · RIKEN · UK Astronomy Technology Centre
Affiliation as printed
UK Astronomy Technology Centre, Royal Observatory Edinburgh, Blackford Hill EH9 3HJ, UK
-0 S, RIKEN Cluster for Pi-oneering Research, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
of the Orion Bar Edifício Leste, 2°Piso, P-1349-018 Lisboa, Portugal
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University of British Columbia · RIKEN
Affiliation as printed
Department of Earth, Ocean, & Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
-0 S, RIKEN Cluster for Pi-oneering Research, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
of the Orion Bar Edifício Leste, 2°Piso, P-1349-018 Lisboa, Portugal
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European Space Astronomy Centre · RIKEN
Affiliation as printed
Telespazio UK for ESA, ESAC, 28692 Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain
-0 S, RIKEN Cluster for Pi-oneering Research, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
of the Orion Bar Edifício Leste, 2°Piso, P-1349-018 Lisboa, Portugal
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California Institute of Technology · RIKEN · Infrared Processing and Analysis Center
Affiliation as printed
IPAC, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
-0 S, RIKEN Cluster for Pi-oneering Research, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
of the Orion Bar Edifício Leste, 2°Piso, P-1349-018 Lisboa, Portugal
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Bordeaux
Affiliation as printed
Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de Bordeaux, Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, B18N, allée Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 33615 Pessac, France
LAB - Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Bordeaux [Pessac] (Bât B18N - Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire CS 50023 - 33615 Pessac Cedex France - France)
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Paris Sciences et Lettres · Observatoire de Paris · Laboratoire d’Etudes du Rayonnement et de la Matière en Astrophysique et Atmosphères
Affiliation as printed
LERMA, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, Sorbonne Universités, 92190 Meudon, France
LERMA - Laboratoire d'Etude du Rayonnement et de la Matière en Astrophysique et Atmosphères = Laboratory for Studies of Radiation and Matter in Astrophysics and Atmospheres (61, avenue de l'Observatoire - 75014 PARIS - France)
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RIKEN · University of Missouri
Affiliation as printed
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
-0 S, RIKEN Cluster for Pi-oneering Research, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
of the Orion Bar Edifício Leste, 2°Piso, P-1349-018 Lisboa, Portugal
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Max Planck Institute for Astronomy · RIKEN
Affiliation as printed
Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Königstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
-0 S, RIKEN Cluster for Pi-oneering Research, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
of the Orion Bar Edifício Leste, 2°Piso, P-1349-018 Lisboa, Portugal
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Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · RIKEN · University of California, Berkeley
Affiliation as printed
Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
Kenneth S. Pitzer Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of California – Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
-0 S, RIKEN Cluster for Pi-oneering Research, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
of the Orion Bar Edifício Leste, 2°Piso, P-1349-018 Lisboa, Portugal
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives · Université Paris-Saclay · CEA Paris-Saclay - Etablissement de Saclay · Astrophysique, Instrumentation et Modélisation · Sorbonne Paris Cité · CEA Paris-Saclay · Université Paris Diderot
Affiliation as printed
AIM, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
AIM (UMR7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112) - Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM - UMR 7158 - UMR E 9005, ex 'Astrophysique Interactions Multi-échelles', Service d'astrophysique, CEA/Saclay, Orme des Merisiers F-91191 GIF SUR YVETTE CEDEX - France)
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université de Bordeaux · Institut des Sciences Moléculaires · Institut de Mathématiques de Bordeaux
Affiliation as printed
Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, 33405 Talence, France
IMB - Institut de Mathématiques de Bordeaux (351 cours de la Libération 33405 TALENCE CEDEX - France)
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