[C ii] Emission in a Self-regulated Interstellar Medium
The Astrophysical Journal, vol. 965, pp. 179
Abstract
Abstract The [C ii] 157.74 μm fine-structure transition is one of the brightest and most well-studied emission lines in the far-infrared, produced in the interstellar medium (ISM) of galaxies. We study its properties in subparsec-resolution hydrodynamical simulations for an ISM patch with gas surface density of Σ g = 10 M ⊙ pc−2, coupled with time-dependent chemistry, far-ultraviolet dust and gas shielding, star formation, photoionization and supernova feedback, and full line radiative transfer. We find a [C ii]-to-H2 conversion factor that scales weakly with metallicity X [ C II ] = 6.31 × 10 19 Z ′ 0.17 cm − 2 ( K km s − 1 ) − 1 , where Z ′ is the normalized metallicity relative to solar. The majority of [C ii] originates from atomic gas with hydrogen number density n ∼ 10 cm−3. The [C ii] line intensity positively correlates with the star formation rate (SFR), with a normalization factor that scales linearly with metallicity. We find that this is broadly consistent with z ∼ 0 observations. As such, [C ii] is a good SFR tracer even in metal-poor environments where molecular lines might be undetectable. Resolving the clumpy structure of the dense (n = 10−103 cm−3) ISM is important, as it dominates [C ii] 157.74 μm emission. We compare our full radiative transfer computation with the optically thin limit and find that the [C ii] line becomes marginally optically thick only at supersolar metallicity for our assumed gas surface density.
Authors 4
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Alon Gurman corresponding
Affiliation as printed
School of Physics & Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv 69978, Israel; alongurman@gmail.com
School of Physics & Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv 69978, Israel
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Tel Aviv University · Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics · Flatiron Institute
Affiliation as printed
Center for Computational Astrophysics, Flatiron Institute, 162 5th Ave., New York, NY 10010, USA
Max-Planck-Institut für Extraterrestrische Physik, Giessenbachstrasse 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
School of Physics & Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv 69978, Israel; alongurman@gmail.com
School of Physics & Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv 69978, Israel
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Leiden University · Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics · Leiden Observatory
Affiliation as printed
Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9513, NL-2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
Max-Planck-Institut für Extraterrestrische Physik, Giessenbachstrasse 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
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